Inguinal Canal Flashcards
combined aponeurosis of inferior/medial margins of internal oblique and transversus abdominal m inserting into pubis
inguinal falx or conjoint tendon
ligament between pubic rami and inguinal ligament; anchors inguinal ligament to pubis
lacular ligament
continuation of fibers from lacunar ligament running along pectin pubis
pectineal line
external opening within aponeurosis for spermatic cord or round ligament
superficial ring
this spaces lies immediately lateral to lacunar ligaments
femoral canal
entrance inguinal canal; beginning of the evagination into transversalis fascia
deep inguinal ring
exit from inguinal canal where spermatic cord/round ligament exit
superficial ring
the ___ inguinal ring is superior to the inguinal ligament and lateral to inferior epigastric
deep inguinal ring
m nerve to abdominal muscles near inguinal ligament
iliohypogastric n (L1)
n that transverses inguinal canal, exits superficial ring lateral to cord, motor to abdominal m and sensory to the skin over upper/medial thigh
ilioinguinal n (L1)
gonads, even though they initially develop at T10 axial level, are connected to future scrotal swellings by what structure?
the gubernaculum
outpocket of peritoneal cavity that accompanies descent of the testes
processus vaginalis
the processus vaginalis (an outpocketing of the peritoneal cavity in the developing scrotum) remains as what structure in adults
tunica vaginalis
layers of abdominal wall carried as spermatic cord develops
transversalis fascia
internal oblique
external oblique
undescended testis are called
cryptorchid testis
the external oblique is carried along the descending gonad during development to form the
external spermatic fascia
the internal oblique is carried along the descending gonad during development to form the
cremasteric m
the transversalis fascia is carried along the descending gonad during development to form the
internal spermatic fascia
the descending gonad piercing tissue layers is an example of a _____ hernia
physiologic
contents of the spermatic cord
vas deferens testicular a pampiniform plexus (and testicular v) gonadal n gonadal lymphatics
if varicosities form in the pampiniform plexus, swelling can result in the scrotum referring dull and recurring pain in what condition
testicular varicocele
a peritoneal fluid accumulation within the tunica vaginalis can result in this condition
hydrocele (communicating/non-communicating)
hydrocele can be detected by what simple technique
transillumination
in females, even though the ovaries begin descending, the gubernaculum attaches to the developing
uterus, preventing its descent
the gubernaculum in females forms what structure
round ligament of uterus
and ovarian ligament
contents of female inguinal canal
round ligament of uterus
ilioinguinal n
genitofemoral n (genital branch)
the scrotum/labia lymph drains into the
superficial inguinal nodes
gonads drain their lymph into what nodes
upper pelvic ln –> lumbar –> pre-aortic
borders of the inguinal (hasselbach’s) triangle
inguinal ligament
lateral border of rectus abdominis
lateral umbilical ligament
iliopubic tract
thickened trasnversalis fascia running posterior to inguinal ligament that reinforces the floor of inguinal canal
iliopubic tract
a direct hernia occurs ____ to inferior epigastric; peritoneum ends up:
medial to inferior epigastric
peritoneum ends up outside of spermatic cord
an indirect hernia occurs when peritoneum enter the ____ ring; therefore the peritoneum is within what
enters the deep ring
peritoneum is within spermatic cord
femoral hernias occur ____ the inguinal ligament and are more/less common in women
40% occur with what complication
below inguinal ligament
more common in women
40% occur with strangulation
ventral hernia that occurs through the fascia between the abdominal m but along the semilunar line of the rectus abdominis m
spigelian
What structure pulls the testis through the anterior abdominal wall
Gubernaculum
Layers, in order, that the gubernaculum pulls the testes through
Tranversalis fascia —> TA — IO —> EO —> Scarpas fascia
The peritoneum, posterior to the testis, is pulled down to form the
Tunica vaginalis
The EO in the scrotum forms what layer
External spermatic fascia
Scarpas fascia forms what in the scrotum
Dartos fascia
The cremasteric muscle is formed from what layer
Internal oblique
The cremasteric m is innervated by
The genital branch of the genitofemoral n
What abdominal layer is absent in the scrotum?
Transversus abdominus
Internal spermatic fascia is derived from what abominable layer
Transversalis fascia
Processus vaginalis
A patent opening of the peritoneal cavities between the tunica vaginalis and the peritoneum of the abdomen
Fluid in persistent processus vaginalis, detected by trans illumination
Hydrocele
Content of the spermatic cord (9)
Ductus deferens Artery to ductus deferens Testicular a Pampiniform plexus Cremasteric av Genital branch of genitofemoral n Sympathetic and visceral afferents Lymphatics Remnants of processus vaginalis
Dartos m is innervated by what type of nerve
Sympathetic
Gonad lymph nodes will metastasize to what LN
Aortic nodes/ lumbar nodes/ cable nodes
Scrotum ln will metastasize to what LN
Superficial inguinal
What nerve is responsible for the efferent limb of the cremasteric reflex
Genitofemoral n
Innervates cremasteric m
What nerve is responsible for the afferent limb of the cremasteric reflex
Ilioinguinal n
Region where structures enter and exit the abdominal cavity
Inguinal region
Posterior wall of inguinal canal
Transversalis fascia or conjoint tendon
Anterior wall of inguinal canal
External oblique
Roof of inguinal canal
Varies
Tranversalis fascia (lateral 1/3)
IO and TA (middle)
Medial crus of EO (medial 1/3)
Floor of inguinal canal
Lateral - iliopubic tract
Middle - inguinal ligament
Medial - lacunar ligament
Conjoint tendon made up of what two muscle aponeurosis
Transversus abdominus and internal oblique
Inguinal triangle borders
Medial border - lateral border of rectus abdominus
Inferior border - inguinal ligament
Lateral border - inferior epigastric v
Direct inguinal hernias occur through what area
Hassle Bach’s (inguinal) triangle
Indirect inguinal hernias occur outside what region
Lateral to inferior epigastric a
Outside of inguinal triangle
Indirect inguinal hernias will be covered by what layers of fascia
All layers
