Inguinal Canal

Question 1

combined aponeurosis of inferior/medial margins of internal oblique and transversus abdominal m inserting into pubis

Answer 1

inguinal falx or conjoint tendon

Question 2

ligament between pubic rami and inguinal ligament; anchors inguinal ligament to pubis

Answer 2

lacular ligament

Question 3

continuation of fibers from lacunar ligament running along pectin pubis

Answer 3

pectineal line

Question 4

external opening within aponeurosis for spermatic cord or round ligament

Answer 4

superficial ring

Question 5

this spaces lies immediately lateral to lacunar ligaments

Answer 5

femoral canal

Question 6

entrance inguinal canal; beginning of the evagination into transversalis fascia

Answer 6

deep inguinal ring

Question 7

exit from inguinal canal where spermatic cord/round ligament exit

Answer 7

superficial ring

Question 8

the ___ inguinal ring is superior to the inguinal ligament and lateral to inferior epigastric

Answer 8

deep inguinal ring

Question 9

m nerve to abdominal muscles near inguinal ligament

Answer 9

iliohypogastric n (L1)

Question 10

n that transverses inguinal canal, exits superficial ring lateral to cord, motor to abdominal m and sensory to the skin over upper/medial thigh

Answer 10

ilioinguinal n (L1)

Question 11

gonads, even though they initially develop at T10 axial level, are connected to future scrotal swellings by what structure?

Answer 11

the gubernaculum

Question 12

outpocket of peritoneal cavity that accompanies descent of the testes

Answer 12

processus vaginalis

Question 13

the processus vaginalis (an outpocketing of the peritoneal cavity in the developing scrotum) remains as what structure in adults

Answer 13

tunica vaginalis

Question 14

layers of abdominal wall carried as spermatic cord develops

Answer 14

transversalis fascia
internal oblique
external oblique

Question 15

undescended testis are called

Answer 15

cryptorchid testis

Question 16

the external oblique is carried along the descending gonad during development to form the

Answer 16

external spermatic fascia

Question 17

the internal oblique is carried along the descending gonad during development to form the

Answer 17

cremasteric m

Question 18

the transversalis fascia is carried along the descending gonad during development to form the

Answer 18

internal spermatic fascia

Question 19

the descending gonad piercing tissue layers is an example of a _____ hernia

Answer 19

physiologic

Question 20

contents of the spermatic cord

Answer 20

vas deferens 
testicular a
pampiniform plexus (and testicular v) 
gonadal n 
gonadal lymphatics

Question 21

if varicosities form in the pampiniform plexus, swelling can result in the scrotum referring dull and recurring pain in what condition

Answer 21

testicular varicocele

Question 22

a peritoneal fluid accumulation within the tunica vaginalis can result in this condition

Answer 22

hydrocele (communicating/non-communicating)

Question 23

hydrocele can be detected by what simple technique

Answer 23

transillumination

Question 24

in females, even though the ovaries begin descending, the gubernaculum attaches to the developing

Answer 24

uterus, preventing its descent

Question 25

the gubernaculum in females forms what structure

Answer 25

round ligament of uterus | and ovarian ligament

Question 26

contents of female inguinal canal

Answer 26

round ligament of uterus ilioinguinal n genitofemoral n (genital branch)

Question 27

the scrotum/labia lymph drains into the

Answer 27

superficial inguinal nodes

Question 28

gonads drain their lymph into what nodes

Answer 28

upper pelvic ln --> lumbar --> pre-aortic

Question 29

borders of the inguinal (hasselbach's) triangle

Answer 29

inguinal ligament lateral border of rectus abdominis lateral umbilical ligament iliopubic tract

Question 30

thickened trasnversalis fascia running posterior to inguinal ligament that reinforces the floor of inguinal canal

Answer 30

iliopubic tract

Question 31

a direct hernia occurs ____ to inferior epigastric; peritoneum ends up:

Answer 31

medial to inferior epigastric | peritoneum ends up outside of spermatic cord

Question 32

an indirect hernia occurs when peritoneum enter the ____ ring; therefore the peritoneum is within what

Answer 32

enters the deep ring | peritoneum is within spermatic cord

Question 33

femoral hernias occur ____ the inguinal ligament and are more/less common in women 40% occur with what complication

Answer 33

below inguinal ligament more common in women 40% occur with strangulation

Question 34

ventral hernia that occurs through the fascia between the abdominal m but along the semilunar line of the rectus abdominis m

Answer 34

spigelian

Question 35

What structure pulls the testis through the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 35

Gubernaculum

Question 36

Layers, in order, that the gubernaculum pulls the testes through

Answer 36

Tranversalis fascia —> TA — IO —> EO —> Scarpas fascia

Question 37

The peritoneum, posterior to the testis, is pulled down to form the

Answer 37

Tunica vaginalis

Question 38

The EO in the scrotum forms what layer

Answer 38

External spermatic fascia

Question 39

Scarpas fascia forms what in the scrotum

Answer 39

Dartos fascia

Question 40

The cremasteric muscle is formed from what layer

Answer 40

Internal oblique

Question 41

The cremasteric m is innervated by

Answer 41

The genital branch of the genitofemoral n

Question 42

What abdominal layer is absent in the scrotum?

Answer 42

Transversus abdominus

Question 43

Internal spermatic fascia is derived from what abominable layer

Answer 43

Transversalis fascia

Question 44

Processus vaginalis

Answer 44

A patent opening of the peritoneal cavities between the tunica vaginalis and the peritoneum of the abdomen

Question 45

Fluid in persistent processus vaginalis, detected by trans illumination

Answer 45

Hydrocele

Question 46

Content of the spermatic cord (9)

Answer 46

``` Ductus deferens Artery to ductus deferens Testicular a Pampiniform plexus Cremasteric av Genital branch of genitofemoral n Sympathetic and visceral afferents Lymphatics Remnants of processus vaginalis ```

Question 47

Dartos m is innervated by what type of nerve

Answer 47

Sympathetic

Question 48

Gonad lymph nodes will metastasize to what LN

Answer 48

Aortic nodes/ lumbar nodes/ cable nodes

Question 49

Scrotum ln will metastasize to what LN

Answer 49

Superficial inguinal

Question 50

What nerve is responsible for the efferent limb of the cremasteric reflex

Answer 50

Genitofemoral n | Innervates cremasteric m

Question 51

What nerve is responsible for the afferent limb of the cremasteric reflex

Answer 51

Ilioinguinal n

Question 52

Region where structures enter and exit the abdominal cavity

Answer 52

Inguinal region

Question 53

Posterior wall of inguinal canal

Answer 53

Transversalis fascia or conjoint tendon

Question 54

Anterior wall of inguinal canal

Answer 54

External oblique

Question 55

Roof of inguinal canal

Answer 55

Varies Tranversalis fascia (lateral 1/3) IO and TA (middle) Medial crus of EO (medial 1/3)

Question 56

Floor of inguinal canal

Answer 56

Lateral - iliopubic tract Middle - inguinal ligament Medial - lacunar ligament

Question 57

Conjoint tendon made up of what two muscle aponeurosis

Answer 57

Transversus abdominus and internal oblique

Question 58

Inguinal triangle borders

Answer 58

Medial border - lateral border of rectus abdominus Inferior border - inguinal ligament Lateral border - inferior epigastric v

Question 59

Direct inguinal hernias occur through what area

Answer 59

Hassle Bach’s (inguinal) triangle

Question 60

Indirect inguinal hernias occur outside what region

Answer 60

Lateral to inferior epigastric a | Outside of inguinal triangle

Question 61

Indirect inguinal hernias will be covered by what layers of fascia

Answer 61

All layers