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GI Midterm > Blood And Nerve Supply To Abdominal Organs > Flashcards

Blood And Nerve Supply To Abdominal Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Three branches of the celiac trunk

A

Left gastric
Common hepatic
Splenic a

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2
Q

Esophageal branch of the left gastric a anastomoses with what artery

A

Esophageal a of the thorax

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3
Q

Left gastric a follows what gross anatomy of the stomach in what mesentery

A

Lesser curvature

Lesser omentum - hepatogastric ligament

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4
Q

Branches of the splenic a (retroperitoneal to intraperitoneal)

A

To stomach
Posterior gastric a
Short gastric a
Left gastro-omental a

To spleen
Splenic branches

To pancreas
Pancreatic branches

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5
Q

The splenic a travels in what ligament

A

Splenorenal ligament

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6
Q

Short gastric a travel in what ligament

A

Gastrosplenic l

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7
Q

Left gastro-omental a travels in what ligament

A

Gastrocolic l

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8
Q

Branches of common hepatic a

A

Proper hepatic a (in hepatoduodenal ligament with portal vein and bile duct)
Right and left hepatic branches
(Cystic from right hepatic)
Gastroduodenal a (posterior to pylorus of stomach)

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9
Q

Gastroduodenal gives rise to what arteries

A

Superior pancreaticoduodenal a

Right gastro-omental a

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10
Q

right gastro-o mental a travels in what ligament

A

Gastrocolic l

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11
Q

Cystic a typically comes off what a

A

Right hepatic a

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12
Q

Hepatic a is typically anterior/posterior to portal vein

A

Anterior

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13
Q

Blood supply to the liver has two sources, name them:

A

Hepatic portal vein - sustains parenchyma (75% of blood to liver)
Hepatic artery - sustains non-parenchyma structures like intrahepatic bile ducts (25%) - oxygenated

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14
Q

Secondary branching of the liver gives rise to what division

A

Right and left liver

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15
Q

Tertiary branching of the liver separates right and left liver into

A

7 segments

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16
Q

Bile flow in the liver occurs in what direction

A

From hepatocytes into bile canaliculi, to interlobar biliary ducts, and then to the bile duct in the extrahepatic portal triad

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17
Q

Blood flowing from the hepatic portal vein moves in what direction through the liver?

A

Towards the central vein

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18
Q

Gallbladder is supplied by what a

A

Cystic a (typically from right hepatic)

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19
Q

Cystic a can be found in what triangle

A

Cystohepatic triangle of Calot

Made up of cystic duct, common hepatic duct and visceral surface of liver

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20
Q

Anastomoses of the stomach

A

Left gastric —> right gastric
Left and right gastro-o mental
Left gastric and right and left gastro-omental

Posterior gastric a and short gastric a wont anastomose

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21
Q

Arteries supplying the stomach include (6)

A

Left and right gastric in lesser omentum
Left and right gastro-omental in gastrocolic ligament
Short gastric in gastrosplenic l
Posterior gastric a

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22
Q

Blood supply to the pancreas

A

Pancreatic a from splenic a (supply tail,body, neck)
Anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal from gastroduodenal
Anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a from SMA

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23
Q

The anastomoses of the anterior and posterior inferior and superior pancreaticoduodenal a represent an anastomoses of what important embryological division

A

Anastomoses of celiac trunk and SMA

Foregut + midgut

24
Q

Branches of the SMA (retroperitoneal —> intraperitoneal)

A 
Anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal  
Ileocolic 
Right colic 
Middle colic 
Jejunum 
Ileal a
25
Q

Vasa recta of the jejunum are long/short while the vasa recta of the ileum are long/short

A

Jejunum vasa recta are long

Ileum vasa recta are short

26
Q

Arcades in the jejunum are few/many. Arcades of the ileum are few/many

A

Arcades of jejunum are few

Arcades of the ileum are many

27
Q

Describe nutcracker syndrome

A

SMA compresses 3rd horizontal part of duodenum and the left renal vein
Occurs with loss of mesenteric fat

Blood and protein in urine
Flank pain
Nausea and vomiting (containing bile)

28
Q

Branches of the IMA

A

Left colic
Sigmoid a
Superior rectal

29
Q

Rectal a and their originations

A

Superior rectal from IMA
Middle rectal from internal iliac
Inferior rectal from internal pudendal

30
Q

Internal hemorrhoids contain veins fro what plexus

A

Internal venous plexus

31
Q

External hemorrhoids come from what venous system

A

External venous plexus

32
Q

IVC begins at what spinal level

A

L5. Right of midline - ascends though T8

33
Q

What v can bypass a blockage in the IVC

A

Ascending lumbar v - goes into azygous

34
Q

Portal vein drains what structures

A

Alimentary structures in the abdomen

Created by splenic v and superior mesenteric vein

35
Q

Portal-caval anastomoses (4) formed by a backup in the portal system (liver damage)

A

Esophageal (left gastric and azygos vv)
Rectal (superior and middle/inferior rectal vv)
Paraumbilical (paraumbilical/epigastric vv)
Retroperitoneal (colic v and systemic retroperitoneal v)

36
Q

Portal v is found in what ligament

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

37
Q

Esophageal varices are caused by portal-canal anastomoses in what v

A

Left gastric and azygous

38
Q

Hemorrhoids can be formed by a backup in the portal system, causing venous backup in the caval system in what anastomoses

A

Rectal

Superior rectal and middle or inferior rectal

39
Q

Paraumbilical venous anastomoses can be viewed when distension occurs causing what symptom

A

Caput medusae

40
Q

Sympathetic in the abdominal region

A 
Greater splanchnic (T5-T9) 
Lesser splanchnic (T10, T11) 
Least splanchnic (T12)
Lumbar splanchnic (L1-L3)
41
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the abdomen

A

Vagus and pelvic splanchnic

42
Q

Vagus n supplies what structures

A

Foregut and midgut structures

43
Q

Pelvic splanchnic n supply what innervation (S/P) to what region of the gut

A

Parasympathetic to hindgut

44
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the gut induces what effect on digestion

A

Produces vasoconstriction in the gut and inhibits peristalsis

45
Q

Greater splanchnic typically supplies what sympathetic ganglia

A

Celiac

46
Q

Lesser splanchnic typically supplies which sympathetic ganglia

A

Aorticorenal ganglia

47
Q

Least and lumbar splachnics typically supply which sympathetic ganglaia

A

Superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia

48
Q

Celiac ganglia

A

Predominately greater splanchnic (sympathetic)
Contains parasympathetics from vagus traveling through it (do not synapse here)
Mixed plexus

49
Q

Superior mesenteric ganglion

A

Gets celiac plexus, lesser and least, some lumbar maybe
Parasympathetics travel through as well

Mixed ganglion

50
Q

Intermesetneric plexus

A

Supplies renal, gonads, ureters

Mixed (sympathetics and parasympathetics)

51
Q

Inferior mesenteric ganglion

A

Predominately gets input from lumbar splachnics
Can get some from intermesenteric plexus

Mixed

52
Q

Superior hypogastric plexus

A

Located at the bifurcation fo the aorta - only sympathetics (post-synaptic)

53
Q

Hypogastric n are P/S

A

Sympathetic - contribute to inferior hypogastric plexus

54
Q

Rectum is innervated by which splachnics

A

Above pectinate line
Lumbar splachnics through inferior mesenteric plexus
Parasympathetics through pelvic splachnics through inferior hypogastric plexus
Below pectinate line
Inferior part of anus - somatic innervation

55
Q

Pain below the pelvic pain line travel with what nerves

A

Parasympathetics

56
Q

Pelvic pain above the pelvic pain line travels with what n

A

Sympathetics

GI Midterm (9 decks)

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