Anterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

bony landmarks of the anterior abdominal wall (9)

Answer 1

Ribs/costal cartilages 
Transverse processes 
Ilium/iliac crest 
pubic symphysis/rami 
pubic tubercle 
pecten pubis (pectineal line) 
anterior superior/inferior iliac spines 
greater and lesser pelvis

Question 2

organs of the right upper quadrant (10)

Answer 2

R lobe of liver 
gallbladder
pylorus of stomach 
1-3 parts of duodenum 
head of pancreas 
R suprarenal gland 
R kidney 
R colic (hepatic) flexure 
superior part of ascending colon 
R half of transverse colon

Question 3

organs of left upper quadrant (10)

Answer 3

L lobe of liver 
spleen
stomach
jejunum/ proximal ileum 
body and tail of pancreas 
L kidney 
L suprarenal gland 
L colic (splenic) flexure 
L half transverse colon 
Superior part of descending colon

Question 4

organs of right lower quadrant (9)

Answer 4

Cecum 
appendix 
most of ileum
inferior part of ascending colon 
R ovary / R uterine tube (f) 
R spermatic cord (m) 
abdominal part of R ureter 
uterus (if enlarged) 
urinary bladder (if full)

Question 5

organs of left lower quadrant (7)

Answer 5

sigmoid colon
inferior part of descending colon
left ovary/ l uterine tube (f) 
l spermatic cord (m) 
uterus if enlarged
bladder if full 
l ureter; abdominal part

Question 6

the right abdominal area can be split into three distinct areas called:

Answer 6

right hypochondriac
right lateral (flank)
right inguinal

Question 7

the center abdominal area can be split into three distinct regions called:

Answer 7

epigastric
umbilical
pubic

Question 8

the left abdominal area can be split into three distinct regions called:

Answer 8

left hypochondrium
left lateral (flank)
left inguinal

Question 9

transverse plane that passes through the gall bladder fundus, pylorus, pancreatic neck, SMA origin, hepatic portal vein, root of transverse mesocolon, and hila of kidneys

Answer 9

transpyloric plane (L1 level)

Question 10

transverse plane that passes the inferior border of 10th costal cartilage at the level of the transverse colon

Answer 10

subcostal plane

Question 11

transverse plane that passes between iliac tubercles at the level of the iliocecal junctions

Answer 11

transtubercle plane

Question 12

transverse plane that passes between ASIS at the level of appendix and sigmoid colon

Answer 12

interspinous plane

Question 13

boundaries of the anteriolateral abdominal wall

Answer 13

upper 7-10 costal cartilages

lower inguinal ligament and pelvic bones

Question 14

fatty layer of superficial fascia in the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 14

camper’s fascia

Question 15

membranous underlying CT layer of superficial fascia that is continuous with Colle’s fascia of the perineum and fused with the fascia lata of the lower limb

Answer 15

Scarpa’s fascia

Question 16

innervation of external oblique muscle

Answer 16

ventral rami of T7-T12 of intercostal nerves

Question 17

action of external oblique muscle

Answer 17

compress abdomen and increase intra-abdominal pressure; move trunk and retain posture

Question 18

some fibers of this muscle follow the spermatic cord to make cremasteric muscle

Answer 18

internal oblique muscle

Question 19

innervation of internal oblique muscle

Answer 19

ventral rami of T7-12, L1

Question 20

action of internal oblique muscle

Answer 20

compresses and supports viscera, lateral flexes and rotates

Question 21

m that contribute to the conjoined tendon in the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 21

internal oblique

transversus abdominis

Question 22

lateral border of rectus abdominis m

Answer 22

linea semilunaris

Question 23

sharp transition where all EO, IO, and TA aponeurosis become anterior to rectus abdominis m

Answer 23

arcuate line

occurs about 1/4 from origin of rectus abdominis m (inferior)

Question 24

the thoraco-abdominal nerves run between what two muscles

Answer 24

the transversus abdominis and the internal oblique

Question 25

n that runs along inferior 12th rib, sensory is superior to iliac crest

Answer 25

subcostal n

Question 26

dermatome of umbilicus

Answer 26

T10

Question 27

dermatome of iliac crest

Answer 27

L1

Question 28

n that runs between IO and TA (motor to these muscles), sensory to upper inguinal and hypogastric region

Answer 28

Iliohypogastric n

Question 29

n that provides motor innervation to lower IO and TA; sensory to lower inguinal, anterior scrotum/labia, near medial thigh

Answer 29

ilioinguinal n

Question 30

the superficial epigastric artery is a continuation of the _____

Answer 30

femoral artery

Question 31

the deep circumflex iliac artery, a continuation of the _____ _____ a, runs deep along what ligament

Answer 31

external iliac a | inguinal ligament

Question 32

the inferior circumflex artery is a continuation of the _____ _____ a and runs posterior to what muscle to anastomose with the superior epigastric a

Answer 32

external iliac a | rectus abdominis m

Question 33

this anterior wall interior surface fold arises from the obliterated urachus

Answer 33

median umbilical fold

Question 34

this anterior wall surface fold arises from the obliterated umbilical arteries

Answer 34

medial umbilical fold

Question 35

this fold arises due to the inferior epigastric a

Answer 35

lateral umbilical fold

Question 36

the gutter on either side of the upper bladder

Answer 36

supravesicular fossa

Question 37

the gutter lateral to the medial umbilical folds

Answer 37

medial inguinal fossa

Question 38

the gutter lateral to the lateral umbilical folds

Answer 38

lateral inguinal fossa

Question 39

superficial lymph structures superior to the umbilicus drain into the

Answer 39

axillary lymph nodes

Question 40

superficial lymph structures inferior to the umbilicus drain into the

Answer 40

superficial inguinal ln