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Infratemporal fossa Flashcards

1
Q

What does fossa mean ?

A

Depression

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2
Q

What is the superior boundary of the temporal fossa ?

A

the superior temporal line

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3
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the temporal fossa ?

A

the zygomatic arch and greater wing of the sphenoid bone

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4
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the temporal fossa ?

A

the superior and inferior temporal lines

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5
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the temporal fossa ?

A

the zygomatic bone and frontal bone

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6
Q

What is the medial boundary of the temporal fossa ?

A
  • frontal bone
  • parietal bone
  • sphenoid bone
  • temporal bone
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7
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the temporal fossa ?

A

the skin and temporal fascia

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8
Q

Which muscle occupies the temporal fossa ?

A

the temporalis muscle

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9
Q

What is found on the roof of the infratemporal fossa ?

A

the greater wing of the sphenoid bone

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10
Q

What is found on the medial wall of the infratemporal fossa ?

A

the lateral pterygoid plate and pharynx

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11
Q

What is found on the lateral wall of the infratemporal fossa ?

A

the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible

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12
Q

What is found on the posterior wall of the infratemporal fossa ?

A

the styloid process and stylomandibular ligament

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13
Q

What is found on the anterior wall of the infratemporal fossa ?

A

the maxillary tuberosity

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14
Q

What is found on the floor of the infratemporal fossa ?

A

it is imaginary - nothing there

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15
Q

What is protraction or protrusion of the mandible ?

A

the anterior movement of the mandible

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16
Q

What is retraction or retrusion of the mandible ?

A

the posterior movement of the mandible

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17
Q

What is elevation of the mandible ?

A

the upwards movement of the mandible

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18
Q

What is depression of the mandible ?

A

the downwards movement of the mandible

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19
Q

What is lateral excursion of the mandible ?

A

side to side movement of the mandible

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20
Q

How is lateral excursion of the mandible brought about ?

A
  • unilateral movement of the pterygoid muscles
  • the contraction of the pterygoid muscles on one side will cause contralateral movement of the mandible
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21
Q

Which joint is responsible for allowing the movement of the mandible ?

A

the temporomandibular joint

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22
Q

What are the muscles of mastication ?

A
  • temporalis
  • masseter
  • medial and pterygoid muscles
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23
Q

What is the origin of the temporalis muscle ?

A

the temporal lines of the temporal fossa

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24
Q

What is the insertion of the temporalis muscle ?

A

the inner aspect of the coronoid process of the mandible

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25
Q

What is the action of the temporalis muscle ?

A
  • the vertical anterior fibres allow the mandible to elevate
  • the horizontal posterior fibres allow the mandible to retract
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26
Q

Summarise the temporalis muscle

A
  • origin : the temporal lines of the temporal fossa
  • insertion : the inner aspect of the coronoid process of the mandible
  • action :
  • the vertical anterior fibres allow the mandible to elevate
  • the horizontal posterior fibres allow the mandible to retract
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27
Q

What is the origin of the masseter muscle ?

A

the zygomatic arch going to the zygomatic process of the maxilla

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28
Q

What is the insertion of the masseter muscle ?

A

the angle of the mandible

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29
Q

What is the action of the masseter muscle ?

A
  • the larger superficial head is involved in the protraction and elevation of the mandible
  • the smaller deep head is involved in the retraction of the mandible
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30
Q

Summarise the masseter muscle

A
  • origin : the zygomatic arch going to the zygomatic process of the maxilla
  • insertion : the angle of the mandible
  • action :
  • the larger superficial head is involved in the protraction and elevation of the mandible
  • the smaller deep head is involved in the retraction of the mandible
31
Q

What is the origin of the medial pterygoid muscle ?

A
  • the smaller superficial head originates at the maxillary tuberosity
  • the larger deep head attaches at the medial aspect of the lateral pterygoid plate
32
Q

What is the insertion of the medial pterygoid muscle ?

A

the angle of the mandible

33
Q

What is the action of the medial pterygoid muscle ?

A
  • protraction
  • elevation
  • retraction
34
Q

Summarise the medial pterygoid muscle

A
  • origin :
  • the smaller superficial head originates at the maxillary tuberosity
  • the larger deep head attaches at the medial aspect of the lateral pterygoid plate
  • insertion : the angle of the mandible
  • action : protraction, elevation and retraction
35
Q

What is the origin of the lateral pterygoid muscle ?

A
  • the smaller superior head originates at the infratemporal surface of the sphenoid bone
  • the larger inferior head originates at the lateral aspect of the lateral pterygoid plate
36
Q

What is the insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle ?

A
  • the smaller superior head inserts at the anterior attachment of the mandibular condyle
  • the larger inferior head inserts at the pterygoid fovea
37
Q

What is the action of the lateral pterygoid muscle ?

A

its involved in the protraction of the mandible at the TMJ

38
Q

Summarise the lateral pterygoid muscle

A

origin :
- the smaller superior head originates at the infratemporal surface of the sphenoid bone
- the larger inferior head originates at the lateral aspect of the lateral pterygoid plate

insertion :
- the smaller superior head inserts at the anterior attachment of the mandibular condyle
- the larger inferior head inserts at the pterygoid fovea

action :
- its involved in the protraction of the mandible at the TMJ

39
Q

What shape is the medial pterygoid muscle ?

A

it is a quadrangular muscle

40
Q

What shape is the lateral pterygoid muscle ?

A

it is a triangular shape

41
Q

What is the posterior attachment of the lateral pterygoid muscle ?

A

the temporomandibular joint

42
Q

Describe the innervation of the muscles of mastication

A

they are all innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

43
Q

What is the innervation of the temporalis muscle ?

A

the deep temporal branches

44
Q

What is the innervation of the masseter ?

A

masseteric nerve

45
Q

What is the innervation of the medial pterygoid muscle ?

A

medial pterygoid nerve

46
Q

What is the innervation of the lateral pterygoid muscle ?

A

lateral pterygoid nerve

47
Q

Where does the maxillary artery originate from ?

A

it is a branch of the external carotid artery and starts at the level of the neck of the mandible

48
Q

Describe the course of the maxillary artery

A
  • it is deep to the neck of the mandibular condyle
  • it crosses the infratemporal fossa
  • it enters the pterygopalatine fossa through the pterygomaxillary fissure
49
Q

What are the 3 parts of the maxillary artery ?

A

The maxillary artery can be split into 3 parts in relation to the lateral pterygoid muscle
- the first part is posterior to the lateral pterygoid
- the second part is superficial or deep to the lateral pterygoid
- the third part is anterior to the lateral pterygoid

50
Q

Describe the distribution of the maxillary artery in relation to the nerves

A
  • the distribution aligns with other parts of the trigeminal nerve
  • parts 1 and 2 align with branches of the mandibular division
  • part 3 aligns with branches of the maxillary division
51
Q

What does the maxillary artery supply ?

A
  • nasal cavity
  • teeth
  • dura mater in the cranial cavity
52
Q

What is the pterygoid venous plexus ?

A

it is a network of nerves associated with the infratemporal fossa

53
Q

What does the pterygoid venous plexus drain ?

A
  • nasal cavity
  • roof and lateral wall of the oral cavity
  • teeth
  • muscles of the ITF
  • paranasal sinuses
  • nasopharynx
54
Q

Why is the pterygoid venous plexus a potential route of infection ?

A

it contains emissary veins which are connected to the cavernous sinus in the skull
e.g. infection can spread from the teeth to the cranial cavity

55
Q

Describe the trigeminal nerve

A
  • it arises in the middle cranial fossa
  • it has a large sensory component and a small motor component
56
Q

Describe the origin and course of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

A
  • arises in the middle cranial fossa from the trigeminal ganglion
  • passes through the foramen ovale
  • it almost immediately divides into a smaller anterior branch and larger posterior branch
  • the stem is attached to the otic ganglion
57
Q

What are the 4 ganglions found in the head ?

A
  • ciliary ganglion
  • otic ganglion
  • pterygopalatine ganglion
  • submandibular ganglion
58
Q

What type of ganglion is the otic ganglion ?

A

it is a parasympathetic ganglion

59
Q

What are the branches of the stem of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve ?

A
  • medial pterygoid (motor)
  • meningeal branch (sensory) > it then travels back up the foramen spinosum
60
Q

What are the branches of the anterior branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve ?

A
  • masseteric (motor)
  • deep temporal (motor)
  • lateral pterygoid (motor)
  • buccal (sensory)
61
Q

What are the branches of the posterior branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve ?

A
  • auriculotemporal (sensory)
  • lingual (sensory)
  • inferior alveolar (sensory)
62
Q

What are the 2 branches of the inferior alveolar nerve ?

A
  • nerve to mylohyoid (motor)
  • mental (sensory)
63
Q

Why is it important to understand the sensory nerves of the mandibular nerve ?

A

they are important for the application of anaesthetic

64
Q

Describe the function of the buccal nerve

A

it supplies the molars and the associated soft tissues of the buccal region

65
Q

Which nerve supplies the incisors ?

A

the incisive nerve

66
Q

Describe the function of the lingual nerve

A
  • it travels over the surface of the medial pterygoid and goes towards the oral mucosa and floor of the mouth
  • it supplies the lingual gingiva and the tongue
67
Q

Which cranial nerve gives off the chorda tympani nerve ?

A

CN VII - facial nerve

68
Q

What are the 2 aspects of the sensory innervation of the tongue ?

A
  • general sense : pain, temperature and touch
  • special sense : taste
69
Q

How is the tongue split ?

A

the circumvallate papillae splits the tongue into :
- anterior 2/3
- posterior 1/3

70
Q

Describe the sensory innervation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

both the general and special sense is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve

71
Q

Describe the sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

general sense - lingual nerve
special sense - chorda tympani

72
Q

Why might the lingual nerve get damaged ?

A

the lingual nerve lies very close to the molars and so it may be damaged when a tooth is being extracted

73
Q

Describe the function of the chorda tympani nerve in terms of salivary secretion

A
  • the preganglionic parasympathetic fibres will synapse with the postganglionic parasympathetic fibres in the submandibular ganglion
  • signals will be sent to the sublingual and submandibular glands to secrete saliva

Anatomy (10 decks)

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