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Pe - Skill Acquisition > Informational processing > Flashcards

Informational processing Flashcards

1
Q

What is information processing ?

A

The methods by which data from the environment are collected and utilised

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2
Q

What is the input stage ?

A
  • First process
  • Performer picks up information from the environment using the senses
  • E.G the court, the crowd, the ball, the officials etc
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3
Q

What is display ?

A

sporting environment (e.g opposition, court and crowd)

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4
Q

What are the 5 receptor systems ?

A
  • sight
  • auditory sense
  • touch
  • balance
  • kinesthesis
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5
Q

How is vision used in sport ?

A
  • performers picking up flight of ball or position of oponent through sight
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6
Q

How is auditory sense used in sport ?

A
  • a player may hear a call from a team mate
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7
Q

What are the external senses ?

A
  • sight
  • hearing
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8
Q

How is touch used in sport ?

A
  • Used to feel the grip on the ball
  • Springboard diver feels the board through their feet
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9
Q

How is balance used in sport ?

A

A netballer taking a shot needs balance to ensure accuracy

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10
Q

What is kinsthesis ?

A

The inner sene that gives information about body position and muscular tension

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11
Q

How is kinesthesis used in sport ?

A
  • A swimmer needs to be aware of their muscles during a tumble turn
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12
Q

What are the external senses ?

A
  • touch
  • kinesthesis
  • balance
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13
Q

What are proprioceptors ?

A

The senses that provide internal information from within the body

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14
Q

What is decision making ?

A
  • Second stage of informational processing
  • A decision made based on the information collected by the senses
  • E.g. crowd, who can receive a pass, who’s most likely to receive the ball
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15
Q

What is selective attention ?

A
  • a process that helps the sports performer to separate the relevant information from the irrelevant information
  • E.g paying attention to other players on court but filtering ut the sound of the crowd
  • In top class performers selective attention is almost automatic
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16
Q

How can selective attention improve ?

A
  • Training with more intense stimuli which helps an athlete better their concentration
  • E.g making noise louder or lights brighter
  • Increasing motivation
  • Mental practise
17
Q

What are the benefits to improving selective attention ?

A
  • significantly improves reaction time
  • By focusing on relevant information - the correct decision is more likely to be made
  • Doesn’t overload the working memory
18
Q

What is perception ?

A
  • The process of coding and interpreting sensory information supplied by the senses
  • Perceptual stage has three parts
  • Detection, comparison and recognition
19
Q

What is the Detection part of the perceptual stage ?

A
  • Athlete has picked up the relevant information
  • Identified information as important
20
Q

What is the comparison part of the perceptual stage ?

A
  • the attempt to match the important information to information already in athletes memory
21
Q

What is the recognition part of the perceptual stage ?

A
  • the performer has used information from the memory to identify an appropriate response
  • Then the response can be put into action
22
Q

What are translatory mechanisms ?

A
  • convert information so decisions can be made
  • this uses past experiences so information can be linked with them
  • then sent to the memory system
  • similar actions which have been stored can be recognised and used
  • E.g In a tennis return, the information about the flight of the ball and the position of the opponent are compared to an appropriate image of a backhand return
  • Experienced athletes have more efficient translatory mechanisms
23
Q

What is the effector mechanism ?

A

The network of nerves that are responsible for delivering the decisions to the muscles.
This allows them to perform the action the perceptual process decided to deliver

24
Q

What is the muscular output system ?

A
  • The muscles will receive the information through coded impulses
  • Once the impulse is received the muscle will contract which allows the response to happen
25
Q

What is the feedback part of informational processing ?

A
  • Feedback is the information used during or after the response to help with movement correction
26
Q

What is the order of Whitings model ?

A
  1. Environment
  2. Display
  3. Sensory organs
  4. Perceptual mechanism
  5. Translatory mechanism
  6. Effector mechanism
  7. Muscle pick impulse up + contract
  8. Output / response
  9. Feedback is available (intrinsically + extrinsically)

Pe - Skill Acquisition (11 decks)

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