Information Management Flashcards
Computer
Electronic device that receives, manipulates, and stores data.
Computer Classification
According to size: Generally, larger computers have greater storage capacity and faster processing times.
- Supercomputer - Mainframe - Minicomputer - Microcomputer
Supercomputer
Large, complex computer system capable of performing rapid, complex functions, such as national defense and weather forecasting and research.
Mainframe
Large computer capable of handling hundreds of users.
Minicomputer
Medium-sized computer that can handle multiple users.
Microcomputer
Desktop personal computer (PC).
Hardware
Physical computer equipment.
Central processing unit (CPU)
Collection of three components that process data.
- Control Unit (CU) - Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) - Primary storage unit (PSU)
Control unit (CU)
It doesn’t perform the actual data processing, it supervises the data processing operations. The CU performs the following:
- Retrieving: obtains instructions from the primary storage unit. - Decoding: translate the instructions into language the computer understands. - Executing: carries out the instructions. - Storing: Results of the instructions are stored in the primary storage unit (PSU).
Control Unit- Retrieving
Retrieving:
- Obtains instructions from the primary storage unit.
Control Unit- Decoding
Decoding:
- Translate the instructions into language the computer understands.
Control Unit- Executing
Executing:
- Carries out the instructions.
Control Unit- Executing
Executing:
- Carries out the instructions.
Control Unit- Storing
Storing:
- Results of the instructions are stored in the primary storage unit (PSU).
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Processes the data in two ways.
- Arithmetic operations - Logic operations
Arithmetic operations
Mathematical calculations involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
Primary Storage Unit (PSU)
Main computer memory that stores data and program instructions.
- Random access memory (RAM) - Read only memory (ROM)
Primary Storage Unit (PSU)
Main computer memory that stores within the CPU that is lost once power is discontinued.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Temporary memory within the CPU that is lost once power is discontinued.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Temporary memory within the CPU that is lost once
Read Only Memory (ROM)
Permanent memory within the CPU installed by the manufacturer that allows the computer to carry out its operations.
Input devices
Allows for the input of data into a computer.
- Keyboard - Mouse - Trackball - Joystick - Digitalized tablet - Light pen (wand) - Scanners
Input devices-
Keyboard:
- Allows for the input of alphanumeric data.
Input devices- Keyboard
Keyboard:
- Allows for the input of alphanumeric data.
Input devices- Mouse
Mouse:
- Handheld device that, when moved across a flat surface, moves the cursor to any spot on the monitor screen.
Input devices- Trackball
Trackball:
- A ball embedded in the base when rolled, moves the cursor on the screen.
Input devices- Joystick
Joystick:
- A vertical stick embedded in a base that moves the cursor in the direction the stick is moved.
Input devices- Digitalized tablet
Digitalized tablet:
- A pressure sensitive pad that produces on the screen any outline drawn on the pad.
Input devices- Light pen (wand)
Light pen (wand): - A pen that is sensitive to the light emanating from the screen. When placed close to the screen, it can control the cursor and activate various functions.
Output devices
Allows for data to be displayed or recorded.
- Monitor - Printer - Plotter
Output devices
Allows for data to be displayed or recorded.
- Montior - Printer - Plotter
Output devices- Monitor
Monitor:
- Cathode ray tube (CRT) or screen that visually displays data.
Output devices- Printer
Printer:
- A device that records data on hard copy (paper).
Ports
Means of connecting peripheral to the CPU.
- Serial port - Parallel port.
Ports
Means of connecting peripheral to the CPU.
- Serial port - Parallel port.
Serial port
Sequentially transfers data on one piece at a time.
Parallel port
Transfers groups of data at a time.
Secondary storage
Due to the temporary nature of RAM in the primary storage unit, it is necessary to use secondary storage components to store data and programs.
- Hard disk - Floppy disk - Disk drive - Magnetic tape - Optical disks - Solid-state devices
Secondary storage- Hard disk
Hard disk:
- Internally contained magnetic disk for data and program storage.
Secondary storage- Hard disk
Hard disk:
- Internally contained magnetic disk for data and program storage.
Secondary storage- Floppy disk
Floppy disk:
- External magnetic disk, that, when inserted into a disk drive, can store and load data and programs.
Secondary storage- Disk drive
Disk drive:
- Electronic device that retrieves and stores data on a diskette.
Secondary storage- Magnetic tape
Magnetic tape:
- Magnetic cassette tape or reel used to store data and programs.
Secondary storage- Optical disks
Optical disks:
- DVD’s (digital Video Disks) and CD’s (Compact Disks). Data is stored on a metal surface that can be read by a laser.
Secondary storage- Solid-state device
Solid-state device:
- Small (size of a thumb or car key) removable storage/memory cards that have no moving parts. They plug into a USB port on the computer, and have various names depending on the manufacturer (e.g., flash drive, flash pen, thumb drive, key drive and mini-USB drive.
Software
A computer program that provides processing instructions to the computer.
- System software - Application software
Data Processing- Transforming data into a useful information
- Data: Raw information such as numbers and letters that the computer processes.
- Information: Processed data that can be used in a meaningful way.
Data Processing
- Transforming data into a useful information
- Memory
- Machine language
- Data processing cycle
Data Processing
Transforming data into useful information.
- Data: Raw information such as numbers and letters that the computer processes. - Information: Processed data that can be used in a meaningful way.
Data Processing- Memory-
“Bit”
Bit:
- Binary digit. Smallest piece of information processed by a computer. - When an electrical charge is absent, the bit is off and takes the binary value 0.
Data Processing- Memory
Memory:
- Bit - Byte - Kilobyte (K) - Megabyte (M)
Data Processing- Memory-
“Bit”
Bit:
- Binary digit. Smallest piece of information processed by a computer.
Data Processing- Memory-
“Byte”
Byte:
- An 8-bit unit. One byte of memory is required to represent a character.
Data Processing- Memory-
“Kilobyte”
Kilobyte:
- Represents 1024 bytes.
Data Processing- Memory-
“Megabyte”
Megabyte:
- Represents 1000 kilobytes.
Machine language
Binary computer coding system that represents each data character.
Machine language- ASCII
ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
- A machine language used in many microcomputers.
Machine language- EBDIC
EBCDIC: Extended Binary Coded Decimal Intercharge Code.
- A machine language used by larger computers.
Data processing cycle
- Input: Data is entered into a computer via an input device.
- Processing: Manipulation of the data that has been inputted.
- Output: After the data is processed, resulting information can be accessed via an output device.
- Storage: Input or output data or information is stored on a storage medium such as a floppy disk .
Booting
Process of activating the input of the operating system into a main memory.
Program installation
Process of loading the software instructions onto the hard disk of the computer. Specific installation instruction are included with the software package.
Disk formatting
Process of organizing a blank disk into sectors so that it can store data.
Disk copy
Process of copying a file on a diskette or copying the contents of an entire diskette onto a second diskette, especially backup copies.
Configuration
Disk drive arrangement.
Bus
Any path that data travels inside the computer.
Buffer
Location for temporary data storage during computer processing.
Bus
Any path that data travels inside the computer.
Clipboard
A section of computer memory used to temporarily hold data that has been cut or copied for transfer to another document or location within a document.
Data compression
Program that forces data into less space on the storage medium.
Glidepad
Touch-sensitive pad for controlling cursor motion. Common on laptops.
Megahurtz MHz
1 million cycles per second.
Network
A set of computers that are permanently linked together.
Node
Each device connected to a network.
OCR software
Software that changes a scanned document from an image to editable text– commonly used for insurance claims.
Personal Data Assistant (PDA)
Small personal computer with limited capabilities.
Point size
Measures the height of letters where 1 point is 1/72 inch.
Query
A way to arrange records in a particular kind of order or to show only the records that match certain criteria.
Queue
The set of print jobs waiting to be done.
Server
A computer that handles network tasks.
Suite
A set of separate applications that are packaged together usually at a lower price than they would cost separately, e.g., Microsoft Office Suite.
Tower
Vertical case for a personal computer.
Word processing functions- Formatting
Formatting:
- Determines the physical layout of a document.
- Margins
- Tab set
- Line spacing
- Pitch
Word processing function- Formatting
“Pitch”
Pitch:
Sets the number of characters per inch of text.
- Pica: 10 characters per horizontal inch.
- Elite: 12 characters per horizontal inch.
Word processing functions- Formatting
“Widow/Orphans”
Eliminates a window or orphan.
- A widow is the last paragraph line appearing alone at the top of the page. - An orphan is the first paragraph line appearing alone at the bottom of a page.
Word processing functions- Formatting
“Retrieval”
Acquiring from storage, data, or information that has been saved on a disk.
Word processing functions- Formatting
“Justification”
Determines the alignment of text relative to the left or right margin.
Word processing functions- Formatting
“Header/Footer”
Prints identical information at the top or bottom of each page.
Word processing functions- Formatting
“Pagination”
Positions and prints page numbers.
Word processing- Editing
“Block”
Using the cursor, text can be highlighted for manipulation.
Word processing functions- Window
An application that allows more than one application to be operational at one time.
Word processing- Sort
Organize a list alphabetically or numerically in ascending or descending order.
Word processing functions- Desktop publishing
Document presentation tool that permits the production of professional documents containing both text and graphics.
Spreadsheets- Numbers productivity tool
- Software programs that permit rapid calculations applied to a table of numerical data.
Sort
Organize a list alphabetically or numerically in ascending or descending order.
Desktop publishing
Document presentation tool that permits the production of professional documents containing both text and graphics.
Spreadsheets- Numbers productivity tool
- Software programs that permit rapid calculations applied to a table of numerical data.
- Worksheet: Working document that contains empty rows and columns for the input of data that can be numerically manipulated.
Spreadsheet- Worksheet
Worksheet: Working document that contains empty rows and columns for the input of data that can be numerically manipulated.
- Columns headings are alphabetical. - Row headings are numerical. - Cell: intersection of a row and column; e.g., cell A1 represents the space occupied at column A, row 1.
Spreadsheet- Data forms
the following types of data can be entered in a cell.
- Labels: Alphanumeric characters usually used as headings to identify the row or column. - Numerical data to which calculations can be applied. - Formulas: Provide instructions for performing a mathematical calculation on data entered in other cells.
Spreadsheet- Formula symbols
- Addition +
- Subtraction -
- Multiplication X
- Division /
- Exponents ^
Spreadsheet- Order of operations
When entering a formula, certain mathematical tasks will be carried out in a specified order. Calculations will be performed from left to right with parentheses first, then exponents, multiplication and division, and finally addition and subtraction.
Spreadsheet- Special functions
- @SUM: Will add a group of values.
- @AVG: Will average a group of values.
- @SQR: will determine the square root of a value.
Spreadsheet- Range
A designated group of cell sbeing affected by a calculation or task; e.g., (A1..C5) indicates that the task at hand should be applied to cells A1, A2, A3, through A15, B1, B2, through B15, C1, C2, C4, and C5 only.
Data hierarchy- Records & Files
- Fields: Basic piece of data such as a name, address, or course grade; usually arranged in columns.
- Records: Collection of related fields, usually arranged in rows. Each record within a file will have the same collection of fields.
- Fields: Collection of related records.
Database- Data management tool
Software programs that facilitate the collection of data files that can be accessed, manipulated, rearranged, sorted and categorized to meet users information needs.
Database- Data hierarchy
- Fields: Basic piece of data such as a name, address, or course grade; usually arranged in columns.
- Alphanumeric: Data using any combination of letters, numbers, or symbols.
- Numeric: Numerical data used as codes or for calculations, or to express quantity.
- Logical: Data having one of two possible conditions; yes/no, male/female, true/false, etc.
Data hierarchy- Records & Files
- Records: Collection of related fields, usually arranged in rows. Each record within a file will have the same collection of fields.
- Fields: Collection of related records.
Database- Entry operations
“Additions”
Adding a field, record, or file to a database.
- Ascending: Adding data at the end of a data set. - Inserting: Adding data between data sets. - Deletion: Removing a field, record, or file from a database. - Modification: changing an existing field, record or file.
Database- Detail reports
Detail reports:
- Reports that list the records in each file.
Medical Practice Software
- Handles appointment scheduling, billing, and collection.
- The data contains demographic, financial and insurance information.
- Each new patient’s information is added to the database.
- Codes the service to system can generate a claim for a third party payer or for the patient.
- Can fun financial reports.
- May include a code-checker to prevent improper coded claims.
Database report- Exceptional report
Exceptional report:
- Reports that identify fields or records that have a unique characteristic; commonly describes data that falls outside the norm or predetermined data set.
Database- Det ail reports
Detail reports:
- Reports that list the records in each file.
Medical Practice Software
- Handles appointment scheduling, billing, and collection.
- The data contains demographic, financial and insurance information.
- Each new patient’s information is added to the database.
- Codes the service to system can generate a claim for a third party payer or for the patient.
- Can fun financial reports.
- May include a code-checker to prevent improper coded claims.
Medical Practice Software- E-prescribe
E-prescribe:
- Provides reminders and alerts, and promotes compliance with guidelines and formularies.
Medical Practice Software- Planning and implementation of information technology (IT)
- considered the future of medical decision-making.
- Information offers tools, not solutions.
- The success or failure of IT applications is related to change management.
- Treat IT decision as cyclical
- Educate and train your staff on IT
- IT application are dependent on people.
- Don’t try to do everything yourself.
Medical Practice Software- Consideration
- Needs and wants.
- Time frame for the IT applications.
- Who will be responsible?
- What process will you use to evaluate your options and make a decision?
- How will you evaluate the results of your purchase.
Medical Practice Software- Steps
- HIPAA Security Rule Compliance.
- Set goals and priorities.
- Create a task force.
- Develop a practice profile.
- Identify and solicit vendors.
- Compare rank vendors responses.
- Make site visits and check references.
- Select the vendors and sign agreements.
- Develop an implementation plan.
- Evaluate the results.
- Start again.
Medical Practice Software- Keys to success
- Identify a champion who is able and willing to coach others through the transition process.
- Enlist the commitment of all physicians in the practice.
- Plan the timing to suit practice needs.
- Retain control of training and transition.
- Purchase an adequate level of support.
Data Communications
- Connectivity tool
- Transfer of data from one point to another such as between computers in a room, or over long distances.
Data Transmissions
- Movement of data across communication lines.
- Serial transmission
- Parallel transmission
- Asynchronous
- Synchronous transmission
- Simplex
- Half duplex
- Full duplex