Info-Hb1ac Flashcards
what is the normal range for Hb1ac?
normal= <42mmol/mol or < 6%
pre-diabetes= 42-47mmol/mol or 6-6.4%
diabetes = =/>48mmol/mol or >6.5%
for those with diabetes what should their Hb1ac be?
6.5% or 48 mmol/mol
what are the microvascular complications associated with diabetes?
retinopathy
nephropathy
neuropathy–> nerve damage can lead to wounds undetected
what are the macrovascular complications associated with diabetes?
Atherosclerosis is thought to result from chronic inflammation and injury to the arterial wall in the peripheral or coronary vascular system. In response to endothelial injury and inflammation
stroke
CVD
Vascular disease
what are the management plan for lowering Hb1ac?
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351199
> dietary modifications
> physical activities
> medications: insulin,
metaformin (stop the liver producing new glucose,overcome insulin resistance by making insulin carry glucose into muscle cells more effectively)
sulphonyureas (help your body secrete more insulin)
what can falsely decrease Hb1ac?
acute or chronic blood loss
sickle cell disease
thalassemia
what can falsely raise Hb1ac?
corticosteroids
what advise to give to a diabetic?
> be careful what you eat? carbs, suagry foods
> adhere to the treatment plan.
> be active
> take care when you are ill. care team can provide guidlines
> monitor blood glucose level
why is it important to ask about recent infections?
diarrohea and vomiting or illness can affect the amount of insulin required
things to ask about a diabetic?
> hospital admission for DKA (when the body runs out of insulin, more common in type 1)
> polyuria
> polydipsia
> weight loss
> vision change
> diabetic neuropathy
> impotence
> fatigue
> PMH: CVD, renal, comorbidities
smoking and alcohol
