abdominal pain

Question 1

what can cause abdominal pain but not arise from the abdo area?

Answer 1

lower lobe pneumonia

pelvic inflammatory disease

Question 2

does the intensity of abdo pain reflect the seriousness of the condition?

Answer 2

No

sever pain: gas, cramping, gastroenteritis

mild pain: cancer, early appendicitis

Question 3

does IBD have a bimodal distribution?

Answer 3

yes, in teenage years and again in middle-age

Question 4

in women of child bearing ag4 what else beside abdo should we consider?

Answer 4

gynaecological causes–> ectopic pregnancy

Question 5

why does pain from appendicitis starts generalised but becomes localised?

Answer 5

The initial pain represents a referred pain resulting from the visceral innervation of the midgut, and the localised pain is caused by involvement of the parietal peritoneum after progression of the inflammatory process.

Question 6

what is Rovsing’s sign in appendicitis?

Answer 6

pain felts in the RIF when the LIF is pressed

Question 7

does a murphy sign present in all patients with appendicitis?

Answer 7

no, only 50% are positive

Question 8

pain in the epigastrium?

Answer 8

pancreatitis

Question 9

pain in the lower left quadrant ?

Answer 9

clonic especially sigmoid

Question 10

right and left flank pain?

Answer 10

kidneys

Question 11

where does the right upper quadrant pain normally radiats to?

Answer 11

the right scapula and shoulder

Question 12

sudden onset of abdo pain causes?

Answer 12

colonic ischaemia

biliary tree obstruction

Question 13

sudden central abdo pain causes?

Answer 13

ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, especially if the patient has a history of hypertention and peripheral vascular disease

Question 14

insidious onset of ascites, gynaecomastia, spider naevi may indicate what?

Answer 14

chronic liver disease

Question 15

words to describe the character of abdo pain?

Answer 15

cramping, dull, sharp, constant or colicky

Question 16

describe pain associated with parietal peritoneum

Answer 16

steady, aching and worsened by movement

Question 17

examples of abdo pain radiation?

Answer 17

renal colic, loin to groin and into the scrotum in males

ulcer, radiates to the back

aortic aneurysm, to the back, flank and genitals

gallstones, right shoulder

Question 18

what word best describes haematemesis appearance?

Answer 18

coffee ground appearance

Question 19

what is haematochezia?

Answer 19

blood in stool

Question 20

what causes mucus in stool?

Answer 20

IBS
IBD
bacterial infection (campylobacter)

Question 21

what disease commonly cause steatorrhoea?

Answer 21

coeliac disease
tropical spruce
pancreatitis
gallbladder obstruction

Question 22

can pancreatitis pain be relieved?

Answer 22

yes by leaning forward (like in pericarditis)

Question 23

pain from gastric ulcer vs pain from duodenal ulcers

Answer 23

gastric ulcer, pain is worse after eating food

duodenal ulcers, pain arises at night and relieved by meals

Question 24

why is it important to ask about previous abdo/pelvic sugery?

Answer 24

adhersion formation–> bowel obstruction, herniae

Question 25

what do NASID casue in the stomach?

Answer 25

peptic ulcers

Question 26

what do statin cause in abdo?

Answer 26

heptitis (as does oral contraceptive pills)

Question 27

family history in abdo?

Answer 27

IBD bowel cancer hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carinoma

Question 28

causes of acute abdo pain

Answer 28

``` appendicitis gastroenteritis bowel obstruction cholangitis renal stone pancreatitis ```

Question 29

causes of chronic abdo pain

Answer 29

``` IBD IBS constipation diverticulitis pancreatitis pelvic inflammatory disease ```