general examination Flashcards
Causes of microcytic anaemia
Chronic blood loss
iron deficiency
Thalassaemia
Siderobastic anaemia
Causes if macrocytic anaemia
Megaloblastic marrow
B12 deficiency
Folic acid deficiency
Excessive alcohol
Hypothyroidism
Haemolytic disorder
Causes of normocytic anaemia
acute blood loss
Anaemia of chronic disease
Chronic renal failure
Marrow infiltration
connective tissue disorders
what is cyanosis?
blue discoloration of the skin and mucous membernaes when the absolute concentration of deoxygenated haemoglobin is >50 g/l
arterial oxygen saturation <90%
indicates cardiac or pulmonary disease
what is vitiligo?
chronic condition of bilateral symmetrical depigmentation.
Face, neck and hands
associated with autoimmune disease: diabeteas, thryoid and adrenal disorders
what can cause over production of melanin?
excess of the pituitary hormone, ACTH.
Haemochromatosis
what id hypercarotenaemia?
ppl who ear large quantities of raw carrots and tomatoes and in hypothyroidism.
yellow discoloration seen in the face, palms and soles.
Not in the sclerae which distinguishes it from jaundice
nail manifestation of iron deficiency
koilonychia
nail manifestation of hypoalbuminaemia
leukonychia
nail manifestation of psoriasis
onycholysis
Tremor of the tongue
anxiety, thyrotoxicosis
fasciculation of the tongue
lower motor neurone
enlargement of the tongue (macroglossia)
acromegaly
amyloidosis
tumour infiltrations
white patches on the tongue that cannot be scraped off
fungal
candida (oral thrush)
inhaled steroids
immune deficiency
Glossitis (smooth reddened tongue) causes?
Atrophy of papillae
alcoholics
iron, folate and B12 deficiency
