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Disease and Defense > Inflammatory Skin Disease > Flashcards

Inflammatory Skin Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the typical age of onset for atopic dermatitis?

A

5 years of age

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2
Q

What are the three stages of atopic dermatitis?

A

Infantile, childhood and adult

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3
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria of atopic dermatitis?

A

Itchy skin +
Three or more of the following:
1. History of involvement of skin creases
2. Personal history of asthma or hay fever
3. History of dry skin within the last year
4. Visible flexural eczema
5. Onset under 2 years of age

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4
Q

Is irritant contact dermatitis immunologically mediated?

A

No it is a result of direct cytotoxic effects

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5
Q

True or false: Irritant contact dermatitis is the most common type of contact dermatitis.

A

True

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6
Q

Define strong irritants.

A

They are irritants that can damage skin directly even in small amounts and over short periods of time they usually come with some kind of warning.

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7
Q

Give an example of a strong irritant.

A

Acid

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8
Q

Define and give an example of a weak irritant.

A

Weak irritants are harmless but cause irritation over multiple exposures. They include wool, soap and water, skin products

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9
Q

How can you recognize irritant contact dermatitis?

A

Look for distribution pattern.

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10
Q

Is allergic contact dermatitis immune mediated?

A

Yes. It involves exposure to an allergen, immune response and memory T cells.

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11
Q

What type of immune reaction is allergic contact dermatitis categorized?

A

It is type IV delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction.

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12
Q

What causes the most allergic contact dermatitis cases?

A

Nickel. You can test using dimethyglyoxine test

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13
Q

What are the two topical antibiotics that cause the most cases of allergy contact dermatitis cases?

A
  1. Neomycin sulfate

2. Bacitracin

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14
Q

What is the clinical presentation of seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Sharply demarcated patches with pink or slightly orange-yellow erythema. Can be flaky, greasy scales. Occurring in areas that are rich in sebaceous glands.

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15
Q

Where is seborrheic dermatitis found in adults?

A

Scalp, medial eyebrows, nasolabial folds, and ears,

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16
Q

What disease has a common mobidity with seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Parkinson’s disease

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17
Q

How does seborrheic dermatitis look in infants?

A

“Cradle cap” beginning one week after birth. Thick scales covering most of the scalp and often seen in the inguinal folds or axillae.

18
Q

What causes seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Malassezia furfur. Normal part of the flora that becomes imbalanced. Found in areas of active sebaceous glands

19
Q

What bacteria is greatly reduced in seborrheic dermatitis?

A

P. acnes

20
Q

What is the treatment for seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Ketoconazole cream
Ketoconazole shampoo
Hydrocortizone cream (infants)

21
Q

What is the cause of stasis dermatitis?

A

Chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities associated with lower extremity edema.

22
Q

What can complicate stasis dermatitis?

A

other skin conditions

23
Q

What is the treatment for stasis dermatitis?

A

compression, elevation, exercise calf muscles, vascular surgery, topical steriods, and avoiding allergens.

24
Q

What does lichen simplex chronicus look like?

A

Thick, scaly plaques that result from chronic rubbing and scratching

25
Q

What is the treatment for lichen simplex chronicus?

A

Topical steriods and antihistamines for itching

26
Q

Where are venous stasis ulcers usually located?

A

Medial lower leg

27
Q

When do venous stasis ulcers become purulent?

A

When infected

28
Q

Where do nummular eczema usually appear?

A

The legs of men over fifty. They are red, scaly and become crusty

29
Q

What is the treatment for nummulary eczema?

A

Moisturization and topical corticosteriods

30
Q

Epidemiologic studies have shown that in psoriasis patients associated disorders occur more frequenly than expected. Name some of these associated disorders.

A

Arthritis, Crohn’s disease. insulin resistance, obesity, metabolic syndrome, Cardiovascular disease

31
Q

Name some localized treatments for psoriasis.

A

Calcipotriol, corticosteriod, and phototherapy

32
Q

Name some systemic treatments for psoriasis.

A

Methotrexate, cyclosporin, systemic retinoids,

33
Q

What is the cause of most cases of exanthematous eruptions in adults?

A

Drugs like aminopenicillin, sulfonamides, cephalosporins, etc.

34
Q

What enhances the risk of a exanthematous eruption due to drugs?

A

Viral infection

35
Q

What is the treatment of exanthematous eruption?

A

Stop taking the offending agent and antihistamines or pruritus

36
Q

What type immune reaction is urticaria?

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction mediated by IgE antibodies. .

37
Q

What are the two categories of urticaria?

A 
Acute= less than 6 weeks 
Chronic= more than 6 weeks
38
Q

What is used to treat urticaria?

A

Antihisamines for pruritus

39
Q

What preservatives cause a lot of allergy contact dermatitis?

A

Formaldehyde, quatenium-15

40
Q

Cheat sheet: Location

A

Stasis dermatitis – lower extremity edema
Seborrheic dermatitis – Malassezia furfur
Atopic dermatitis – Filaggrin
Irritant dermatitis – Common irritants
Allergic contact dermatitis – Common allergens

41
Q

Cheat sheet: Etiology

A

Stasis derm – lower legs
Seborrheic dermatitis – scalp
Atopic dermatitis – Flexor surfaces
Psoriasis – Extensor surfaces, may include arthritis

42
Q

Cheat Steet: Miscellaneous Facts

A

Atopic dermatitis – Associated with Asthma and Allergic rhinitis
Allergic contact dermatitis – Delayed type hypersensitivity reaction (Type IV); Diagnosis confirmed with patch testing.
Psoriasis – May be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease

Disease and Defense (14 decks)

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