Benign Skin Neoplasms Flashcards
Name two vascular tumors.
Cherry angioma and hemangioma
Are cherry angiomas associated with any other diseases?
No
What is the most common soft tissue tumor of infancy?
Hemangioma
What can hemangiomas around the eye cause?
Astigmatism
What is one concern of ulcerated hemangiomas?
Infection
What is associated with multiple diffuse hemangiomas?
Visceral hemangiomas
What is an example of a vascular malformation?
Port wine stain
Port wine stains may be associated with systemic abnormalities. What is one such abnormality?
Sturge Weber syndrome (SWS) associated with capillary malformations, glaucoma, developmental delay
Do port wine stains progress?
Yes they get worst with time so treat with vascular laser
What are two disorders associated with sebaceous glands?
- Sebaceous hyperplasia
2, Nevus sebaceous
Where are lesions cause by nevus sebaceous found?
Face or scalp (associated with alopecia). They appear as yellow-orange plaques
What causes nevus sebaceous?
Somatic mutations in HRAS & KRAS
What are two complications of nevus sebaceous?
- Epidermal Nevus Syndrome
2. Epithelial Neoplasm
What is the treatment of nevus sebaceous?
Observation or excision
What is a sebaceous hyperplasia?
Common benign tumor of the oil gland. Doesn’t usually need to be treated
What are acrochordons and how are they treated?
Skin tags. Usually no treatment necessary
What are lipomas?
Benign tumors of adipocytes usually don’t require treatment.
What are dermatofibromas?
benign firm brown papules found primarily on the legs. No treatment needed
An early Keloid scar is made up of primarily what type of collagen? Late?
Type III, Type I
Do Keloid scars grow beyond the original injury?
Yes. So they can be treated with surgery
What is a benign tumor of the hair follicle called?
Seborrheic keratosis
What is Sign of Leser-Trelat?
Sudden onset of multiple seborrheic keratoses associated with adenocarcinoma of the stomach in 60% of cases
Where are most intradermal nevi located on the body?
Head and Neck
Where are most junctional nevi located on the body?
Plantar and palmar surfaces
Where are most compound nevi found on the body?
Trunk and proximal extremities
What is the treatment for most nevi?
Nothing unless it looks atypical.
Define blue nevus.
Dermal proliferation of melanocytes that produce and abundance of melanin. No treatment needed
What optical effect leads to longer wavelengths being absorbed while shorter wavelengths are reflected?
Tyndall effect
Are congenital nevi usually smaller or larger than acquired?
Larger
What is one great concern about congenital nevi?
MM
What are dysplastic nevi?
A subgroup of nevi which have an irregular outline, variable pigmentation, indistinct borders, and can be larger than 6mm. At risk for MM
Name three criteria of FAMM syndrome.
- MM in 1 or more first or second degree relatives
- Presence of numerous melanocytic nevi
- Certain histologic features
What three germline mutations have been linked to FAMM?
CDK2NA mapped to 9p21
CDK4 mapped to 12q14
CMM1 mapped to 1p
What is the inheritance of neurofibromatosis?
Autosomal Dominant, but 50% of cases due to spontaneous mutation.
