Inflammatory mediators Flashcards

1
Q

What is the aim of inflammation?

A

Co-ordinate the movement of leukocytes and plasma proteins to the site of injury

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2
Q

Inflammation involves changes in two things and is coordinated by what?

A

Involves -

  • Changes in blood vessels - vasodilation, increased permeability - maximise movement of WBC & plasma proteins to site of injury
  • Changes in leukocytes - recruitment to site of injury.

Coordinated by chemical mediators

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of chemical mediators?

A
  • Cell-derived - macrophages, endothelial cells

- Plasma protein-derived - bradykinin (kinin system), complement

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4
Q

What do cytokines do?

A

Upregulate the release of inflammatory mediators

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5
Q

How is harmful material removed?

A

Phagocytosis -

  1. Recognition and attachment of particle
  2. Engulfment of particle
  3. Killing or degradation of material
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6
Q

What are the general characteristics of inflammatory mediators?

A
  • Short half life
  • Vary in range of targets
  • Can stimulate release of other mediators
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7
Q

What are the 8 classes of cell-derived inflammatory mediators?

A
  • Vaso-active amines
  • Arachidonic acid metabolites
  • Platelet activating factor
  • ROS
  • NO
  • Cytokines & chemokines
  • Lysosomal constituents
  • Neuropeptides
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8
Q

What are 2 examples of vaso-active amines?

A

Histamine & serotonin

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9
Q

What are the 2 pathways for arachidonic acid metabolites?

A
  • Cyclooxygenase pathway

- Lipoxygenase pathway

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10
Q

What are 2 examples of cytokines/chemokines?

A

TNF & IL-1

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11
Q

What are the 2 plasma protein derived mediators?

A

Complement & coagulation systems

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12
Q

What are the two pathways of complement?

A
  • Classical - antigens bound to microbe

- Alternative - microbe itself activates

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13
Q

What downstream effects does activation of C3 cause in complement?

A
  • C3a - Recruitment & activation of WBC
  • C3b – opsonin & activation of membrane attack complex
  • C5-9 – membrane attack complex – punches hole in cell wall/membrane
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