Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What is inflammation?

A

A protective mechanism designed to -

  • Rid body of initial cause of injury
  • Remove debris & tissues damaged secondary to this injury
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2
Q

What are the beneficial effects of inflammation?

A
  • Dilution of toxins
  • Immune response - neutrophils & antibodies
  • Fibrin formation
  • Nutrients & O2
  • Entry of drugs
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3
Q

What are the problems of inflammation?

A
  • Destruction of normal tissue
  • Swelling
  • Blockage of tubes
  • Fluid loss
  • Pain
  • Inappropriate inflammation
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4
Q

What are the causes of inflammation?

A

Microbes, foreign bodies, dead cells, allergens, physical trauma/damage, chemical injury

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5
Q

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

A
  • Rubor - redness
  • Tumour - swelling
  • Calor - heat
  • Dolor - pain
  • Functio Laesa - loss of function
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6
Q

What are the 4 stages by which neutrophils are recruited & migrate to site of inflammation?

A
  1. Margination
  2. Adhesion
  3. Emigration
  4. Chemotaxis
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7
Q

What are the stages of neutrophil phagocytosis?

A
  1. Recognise either directly via mannose receptors or opsonins & Fc + C3b receptors, then bind to material
  2. Phagocytose material
  3. Phagosome fuses with lysosome
  4. Phagolysosome destroys ingested material with degradative enzymes
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8
Q

What are the causes of chronic inflammation?

A
  • Persisting infection
  • Foreign material
  • Certain chronic or autoimmune diseases
  • Inadequate immune response
  • Inadequate blood supply/persisting insult
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9
Q

What are the cells involved in chronic inflammation?

A
  • Macrophages
  • Lymphocytes - T & B cells
  • Eosinophils
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10
Q

What are the possible outcomes of chronic inflammation?

A
  • Continued chronic inflammation
  • Repair
  • Catastrophe
  • Change in tissue function
  • Scarring with dysfunction
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11
Q

What is granulomatous inflammation?

A

Subtype of chronic inflammation where neutrophil phagocytosis is inadequate to control causative agent

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12
Q

What is a granuloma?

A

Collection of macrophages

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13
Q

What are the 3 morphological patterns of inflammation?

A
  • Serous
  • Suppuration - pus
  • Fibrinous - replacement by granulation tissue
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