Inflammation - Paraschou Flashcards
What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?
- Redness
- Swelling
- Heat
- Pain
- Loss of function
What is the purpose of fibrin formation in extravascular areas?
- Confines stimulus to an isolated area
- Provides leukocytes w a target
- Framework for fibroblast + endothelial cell migration in wound healing
Exudates have _______ protein and _____ NCC
HIGH PROTEIN , HIGH NCC
Transudates have _______ protein and _____ NCC
LOW PROTEIN , LOW NCC
_________ is a fluid type that has a high protein concentration, contains inflamm cells, and cellular debris
Exudates
__________ is a fluid type that occurs due to imbalances in osmotic or hydrostatic P
Transudates
__________ is a fluid type that is NOT associated with an increase in vascular permeability
Transudate
What cell types can be found in pus?
leukocytes (WBCs) MOSTLY NEUTROPHILS, dead cell debris , microbes
- appears yellowish, classified as a purulent exudate
What is the first step in inflammation?
Vasodilation
What happens during vasodilation?
1st step of inflammation
- Mast cells release histamine
- Leads to hyperemia (redness due to increase in blood to area)
What is the 2nd step in inflammation? Explain what happens during this step
increased vascular permeability
- Leakage of plasma
- Fibrinogen turns to fibrin: appears yellow and stringy on organ/tissue
What is the 3rd step in inflammation? Explain what happens during this step
Emigration of leukocytes
- Margination
- Rolling
- Adhesion
- Emigration
- Chemotaxis
_______ help in the rolling process of inflammation by weak binding and tethering
Selectins
_______ help in adhesion by binding firmly to leukocytes
Integrins
___________ is also known as diapedesis
Leukocyte Extravasation
What are exogenous agents that stimulate chemotaxis?
Bacterial products
What are endogenous agents that stimulate chemotaxis?
- C5a
- Arachidonic acid metabolites
- Chemokines
__________ are the first cell to arrive during acute inflammation
Neutrophils
What is the result of activation of surface receptors on leukocytes?
- Production of arachidonic acid metabolites from phospholipid membranes
- Degranulation + secretion of lysosomal enzymes + oxidative burst
- Cytokine secretion
Who is in charge of phagocytosis in the 4th step of inflammation?
Neutrophils
How does termination of inflammation occur?
Switch from pro-inflamm leukotrienes to anti-inflamm lipoxins, cytokines, and neural impulses that LIMIT macrophage TNF production
_________ produce growth factors that initiate the process of repair and resolution
M2 Macrophages
What cell type is most associated with termination of inflammation?
Macrophages - helps w resolution
________ cells are involved in inflammation and coagulation
Endothelial
