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Sem 3: Path 1 > Bone > Flashcards

Bone Flashcards

1
Q

What is the inorganic component of bone?

A

Hydroxyapatite

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2
Q

What is Wolf’s Law?

A

bone will remodel itself when strain is present or in times of stress

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3
Q

What is the organic portion of bone? What does it contain?

A

osteoid, contains type 1 collagen

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4
Q

__________ is cancellous or spongy bone

A

Trabecular bone

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5
Q

What type of bone is seen in fractures?

A

Wooven, weak bone

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6
Q

Where do fractures usually occur?

A

Diaphysis or physis due to trauma

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7
Q

Lamellar bone is organized into ________

A

osteons

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8
Q

What is the result of calcitonin release by the thyroid gland?

A
  1. Increased Ca+ deposition in bones (building bone/ putting Ca from blood back into bone)
  2. Decreased Ca+ uptake in the intestines
  3. Decreased resorption of Ca+ from urine
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9
Q

What is the result of PTH release from the parathyroid gland?

A
  1. Increased Ca+ release from bones (breaking down bone to release Ca into the blood)
  2. Increased Ca+ uptake from intestines
  3. Increased resorption of Ca+ from urine
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10
Q

Which hormones stimulate bone resorption?

A
  1. PTH
  2. Vitamin D
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11
Q

Which hormones inhibit bone resorption?

A
  1. Calcitonin
  2. Estrogen
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12
Q

What are the 4 steps of fracture repair?

A
  1. Hematoma formation
  2. Fibrocartilaginous callus formation
  3. Bony callus formation
  4. Bone remodeling (replaced by wooven bone and revascularization)
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13
Q

What can affect bone healing?

A
  1. Infection
  2. Necrosis
  3. Site of fracture
  4. Excessive movement during recovery
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14
Q

Angular limb deformity is due to ______

A

physeal damage, asymmetric lesions in the physis

usually 1 limb affected

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15
Q

Angular limb deformity is seen in _______

A

young animals, esp foals

bc of open physeal growth plate

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16
Q

_________ disease is from avascular necrosis of the femoral head

A

Legg-perthes disease

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17
Q

Pathogenesis of Legg-perthes disease?

A

Loss of blood supply to the femoral head leading to ischemic necrosis

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18
Q

Osteochondrosis is from failure of _________

A

endochondral ossification

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19
Q

Osteochondrosis can predispose and animal to __________

A

Degenerative joint disease and osteoarthritis

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20
Q

Predilection site of osteochondrosis?

A

Lateral trochlear ridge

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21
Q

_________ is a dense band of vertical trabeculae

A

Growth arrest line

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22
Q

________ appears as elongated primary spongiosa due to abnormal osteoclastic resorption

A

Growth retardation lattice

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23
Q

Growth arrest lines can be seen due to:

A
  1. Malnutrition
  2. Lead toxicity
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24
Q

Growth retardation lattice can be seen due to:

A
  1. Malnutrition
  2. Lead toxicity
  3. BVD/ K9 Distemper
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25
Symmetrical dwarfism may be caused by __________
Pituitary cyst = no growth hormone animals appear overall smaller
26
____________ is disproportionate dwarfism from failed endochondral ossification
Chondrodysplasia
27
Example of a breed predisposed to chondrodysplasia?
Dachshunds - short legs! genetic defect
28
What is pseudochondroplastic dwarfism?
- Ossification center fails to develop - Epiphysis becomes a bulging cap (looks like a mushroom) of cartilage
29
Which breed is susceptible to pseudochondroplastic dwarfism?
Mini poodles
30
Ovine chondrodysplasia is also known as?
Spider lamb syndrome
31
Pathogenesis of Ovine chondrodysplasia?
- Autosomal recessive inheritance of the Fibroblast Growth Factor 3 gene 1. Abnormal endochondral bone ossification and cartilage 2. Really long legs with cow hocked deformity
32
What is the result and cause of avian osteopetrosis?
Excess bone production from **osteoblasts** - caused by viruses
33
A horse born alive but unable to stand suggests _______________
equine osteopetrosis
34
Bovine _________ is a fatal outcome from defective osteoclasts
osteopetrosis
35
What can be seen on bloodwork from a cow with osteopetrosis?
Anemia! bc no medullary cavity (no bone marrow due to defective osteoclasts)
36
What is hyperostosis and which animal is it seen in?
Deposition of new bone along periosteum of long bones - swollen limbs Pigs!! .... fatal
37
________ is caused by a defect in Type I collagen
Osteogenesis imperfecta
38
What can be seen in a cow with osteogenesis imperfecta?
1. Blue eye / blue sclera bc of thin collagen 2. Teeth fractures bc defective dentin 3. Fractured bones in utero
39
Gross examination reveals dark brown bone that fluoresces. This is known as __________
Porphyria
40
What causes porphyria?
Defect in metabolism of RBCs, leading to accumulation of porphyrins
41
What is polymelia?
Extra limb
42
What is polydactyly?
Extra toe beans
43
What is syndactyly?
Fusion of toes (seen in ruminants- 3 + 4 are fused tg)
44
What is amelia?
Lack of a limb (Ex: 3 legs)
45
What is peromelia?
Missing the distal part of the limb
46
What is phocomelia?
Seal like "fin" / shortened limb
47
What is scoliosis?
Lateral deviation of the spine
48
What is kyphosis?
Excessive outward curve of spine (hunchback)
49
What is lordosis?
Excessive inward curve of spine (appears as if sticking your ass out)
50
_______ is known as cleft palate
palatoschisis
51
_____ is known as an underbite
Prognathia inferior (long mandible)
52
_________ is known as an overbite
brachygnathia inferior (short mandible)
53
Causes of angular limb deformities?
1. Trauma 2. Hypothyroidism 3. Osteochondrosis 4. Osteomyelitis
54
How does hip dysplasia appear grossly?
Flattened femoral head a form of osteochondrosis
55
Risk factors associated with osteoporosis?
1. Malnutrition 2. Starvation 3. Disuse
56
What animals are predisposed to osteoporosis?
animals w neg energy balance - laying hens - lactating dairy cows - pregnant ewes - animals w parasites - poor doers
57
Ricketts and osteomalacia is frequently caused by ________
Vitamin D and phosphorus deficiency
58
______ is failure to mineralize osteoid
Rickets
59
What is the most abundant cell in bone?
Osteocytes
60
Which cells reside in lacunae surrounded by mineralized matrix?
Osteocytes
61
Which cells are stimulated by PTH?
Osteoclasts
62
Which cells reside in Howships Lacunae?
Osteoclasts
63
RANKL > OPG in what cases?
Inflammatory conditions
64
RANKL < OPG in what conditions?
Homeostatic conditions
65
What can cause premature closure of the physis?
1. Trauma 2. Hypervitaminosis A 3. Manganese deficiency = angular limb deformity
66

Sem 3: Path 1 (9 decks)

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