Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sem 3: Path 1 > Bone > Flashcards

Bone Flashcards

1
Q

What is the inorganic component of bone?

A

Hydroxyapatite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Wolf’s Law?

A

bone will remodel itself when strain is present or in times of stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the organic portion of bone? What does it contain?

A

osteoid, contains type 1 collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

__________ is cancellous or spongy bone

A

Trabecular bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of bone is seen in fractures?

A

Wooven, weak bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where do fractures usually occur?

A

Diaphysis or physis due to trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lamellar bone is organized into ________

A

osteons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the result of calcitonin release by the thyroid gland?

A
  1. Increased Ca+ deposition in bones (building bone/ putting Ca from blood back into bone)
  2. Decreased Ca+ uptake in the intestines
  3. Decreased resorption of Ca+ from urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the result of PTH release from the parathyroid gland?

A
  1. Increased Ca+ release from bones (breaking down bone to release Ca into the blood)
  2. Increased Ca+ uptake from intestines
  3. Increased resorption of Ca+ from urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which hormones stimulate bone resorption?

A
  1. PTH
  2. Vitamin D
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which hormones inhibit bone resorption?

A
  1. Calcitonin
  2. Estrogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 4 steps of fracture repair?

A
  1. Hematoma formation
  2. Fibrocartilaginous callus formation
  3. Bony callus formation
  4. Bone remodeling (replaced by wooven bone and revascularization)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can affect bone healing?

A
  1. Infection
  2. Necrosis
  3. Site of fracture
  4. Excessive movement during recovery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Angular limb deformity is due to ______

A

physeal damage, asymmetric lesions in the physis

usually 1 limb affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Angular limb deformity is seen in _______

A

young animals, esp foals

bc of open physeal growth plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

_________ disease is from avascular necrosis of the femoral head

A

Legg-perthes disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pathogenesis of Legg-perthes disease?

A

Loss of blood supply to the femoral head leading to ischemic necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Osteochondrosis is from failure of _________

A

endochondral ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Osteochondrosis can predispose and animal to __________

A

Degenerative joint disease and osteoarthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Predilection site of osteochondrosis?

A

Lateral trochlear ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

_________ is a dense band of vertical trabeculae

A

Growth arrest line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

________ appears as elongated primary spongiosa due to abnormal osteoclastic resorption

A

Growth retardation lattice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Growth arrest lines can be seen due to:

A
  1. Malnutrition
  2. Lead toxicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Growth retardation lattice can be seen due to:

A
  1. Malnutrition
  2. Lead toxicity
  3. BVD/ K9 Distemper
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Symmetrical dwarfism may be caused by __________

A

Pituitary cyst = no growth hormone

animals appear overall smaller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

____________ is disproportionate dwarfism from failed endochondral ossification

A

Chondrodysplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Example of a breed predisposed to chondrodysplasia?

A

Dachshunds - short legs!

genetic defect

28
Q

What is pseudochondroplastic dwarfism?

A
  • Ossification center fails to develop
  • Epiphysis becomes a bulging cap (looks like a mushroom) of cartilage
29
Q

Which breed is susceptible to pseudochondroplastic dwarfism?

A

Mini poodles

30
Q

Ovine chondrodysplasia is also known as?

A

Spider lamb syndrome

31
Q

Pathogenesis of Ovine chondrodysplasia?

A
  • Autosomal recessive inheritance of the Fibroblast Growth Factor 3 gene
  1. Abnormal endochondral bone ossification and cartilage
  2. Really long legs with cow hocked deformity
32
Q

What is the result and cause of avian osteopetrosis?

A

Excess bone production from osteoblasts

  • caused by viruses
33
Q

A horse born alive but unable to stand suggests _______________

A

equine osteopetrosis

34
Q

Bovine _________ is a fatal outcome from defective osteoclasts

A

osteopetrosis

35
Q

What can be seen on bloodwork from a cow with osteopetrosis?

A

Anemia!

bc no medullary cavity (no bone marrow due to defective osteoclasts)

36
Q

What is hyperostosis and which animal is it seen in?

A

Deposition of new bone along periosteum of long bones

  • swollen limbs

Pigs!! …. fatal

37
Q

________ is caused by a defect in Type I collagen

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

38
Q

What can be seen in a cow with osteogenesis imperfecta?

A
  1. Blue eye / blue sclera bc of thin collagen
  2. Teeth fractures bc defective dentin
  3. Fractured bones in utero
39
Q

Gross examination reveals dark brown bone that fluoresces. This is known as __________

A

Porphyria

40
Q

What causes porphyria?

A

Defect in metabolism of RBCs, leading to accumulation of porphyrins

41
Q

What is polymelia?

A

Extra limb

42
Q

What is polydactyly?

A

Extra toe beans

43
Q

What is syndactyly?

A

Fusion of toes

(seen in ruminants- 3 + 4 are fused tg)

44
Q

What is amelia?

A

Lack of a limb (Ex: 3 legs)

45
Q

What is peromelia?

A

Missing the distal part of the limb

46
Q

What is phocomelia?

A

Seal like “fin” / shortened limb

47
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

Lateral deviation of the spine

48
Q

What is kyphosis?

A

Excessive outward curve of spine (hunchback)

49
Q

What is lordosis?

A

Excessive inward curve of spine

(appears as if sticking your ass out)

50
Q

_______ is known as cleft palate

A

palatoschisis

51
Q

_____ is known as an underbite

A

Prognathia inferior (long mandible)

52
Q

_________ is known as an overbite

A

brachygnathia inferior (short mandible)

53
Q

Causes of angular limb deformities?

A
  1. Trauma
  2. Hypothyroidism
  3. Osteochondrosis
  4. Osteomyelitis
54
Q

How does hip dysplasia appear grossly?

A

Flattened femoral head

a form of osteochondrosis

55
Q

Risk factors associated with osteoporosis?

A
  1. Malnutrition
  2. Starvation
  3. Disuse
56
Q

What animals are predisposed to osteoporosis?

A

animals w neg energy balance

  • laying hens
  • lactating dairy cows
  • pregnant ewes
  • animals w parasites
  • poor doers
57
Q

Ricketts and osteomalacia is frequently caused by ________

A

Vitamin D and phosphorus deficiency

58
Q

______ is failure to mineralize osteoid

A

Rickets

59
Q

What is the most abundant cell in bone?

A

Osteocytes

60
Q

Which cells reside in lacunae surrounded by mineralized matrix?

A

Osteocytes

61
Q

Which cells are stimulated by PTH?

A

Osteoclasts

62
Q

Which cells reside in Howships Lacunae?

A

Osteoclasts

63
Q

RANKL > OPG in what cases?

A

Inflammatory conditions

64
Q

RANKL < OPG in what conditions?

A

Homeostatic conditions

65
Q

What can cause premature closure of the physis?

A
  1. Trauma
  2. Hypervitaminosis A
  3. Manganese deficiency

= angular limb deformity

66
Q
A

Sem 3: Path 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions