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Pathophysiology > Inflammation, healing, pain > Flashcards

Inflammation, healing, pain Flashcards

1
Q

contains genetic material that is unique to each person

A

DNA

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2
Q

found in ribosomes (protein synthesis)

A

rRNA

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3
Q

takes info from DNA to ribosomes

A

mRNA

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4
Q

takes amino acids to ribosomes for protein development

A

tRNA

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5
Q

cell without development. reduced size

A

atrophy

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6
Q

cell with increased development. increased size

A

hypertrophy

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7
Q

change of cell from one type to another

A

metaplasia

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8
Q

increase in the number of cells

A

hyperplasia

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9
Q

decrease in the number of cells

A

hypoplasia

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10
Q

example of hypoplasia

A

uterus after pregnancy

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11
Q

damage to cell is short in duration. Hypoxia, anoxia, edema

A

reversible cell injury

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12
Q

What are examples of reversible cell adaptation? 3

A
  1. hypertrophy
  2. hyperplasia
  3. metaplasia
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13
Q

natural death of a cell

A

apoptosis

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14
Q

examples of irreversible cell injury. 3

A
  1. toxicity
  2. pathogens
  3. ischemia
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15
Q

hard dead cells

A

dystrophic calcification

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16
Q

bone formation where it is not supposed to be. In muscle

A

heterotopic calcification

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17
Q

body’s response to various causes of injury

A

inflammation

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18
Q

5 cardinal signs of inflammation

A
  1. heat
  2. redness
  3. edema
  4. pain
  5. loss of function
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19
Q

5 types of inflammation

A
  1. acute
  2. chronic
  3. acute on chronic
  4. transudate
  5. exudate
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20
Q

used in the blood’s clotting process

A

platelets

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21
Q

3 acute phagocytic cells

A
  1. polymorphonucleocytes
  2. eosinophils
  3. monocytes ->macrophages
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22
Q

acute inflammation occurs…

A

first 24 hours

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23
Q

subacute inflammation occurs…

A

after 24 hours

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24
Q

cells that bring tissues together

A

myofibroblasts

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25
granulation tissue cells
angioblasts
26
cells that form collagen
fibroblasts
27
type of healing with reversible cell injury
regeneration
28
type of healing with irreversible cell injury
repair
29
wound with clean approximated edges (sutures, staples). Clean dry in-tact CDI
1st intention healing
30
wound with clean edges that are NOT approximated. Higher chance of infection
2nd intention healing
31
3 phases of wound healing
1. inflammatory 2. proliferative 3. remodeling
32
platelet coagulate. increased capillary permeability. Migration of neutropils and monocytes to eat debris and destroy bacteria
inflammatory phase
33
2-3 weeks post injury. collagen synthesis. epithelialization. delayed if too wet or too dry
proliferative phase
34
wound starts to close
epithelialization
35
scar maturation. can take up to 18 months
remodeling phase
36
at 6 weeks, scar tissue is _____ normal strength
50%
37
fully formed scars are _______ of tissue's original strength
70-80%
38
What might delay a wound from healing? (3)
1. Age 2. Size (of wound) 3. Location (of wound)
39
an abnormal scar that projects beyond the surface of the skin. remains within boundary of original wound.
hypertrophic scar
40
raised area of scar tissue that extends beyond the boarders of the original wound
keloid scar
41
wound with redness that does not blanch (turn white), skin is intact
stage 1 wound
42
wound with partial thickness. Moist and Pink. Epidermis and some dermis
Stage 2 wound
43
wound with full thickness. granulation tissue. draining or nondraining
stage 3 wound
44
wound with full thickness. destruction of deep tissue. draining and nondraining
stage 4 wound
45
wound interventions do 3 things....
1. stimulate wound healing 2. clean wound 3. debridement
46
4 types of debridement
1. sharp 2. chemical 3. mechanical 4. autolytic
47
3 layers of dressings
1. contact 2. intermediate 3. outer
48
What is the main goal when dressing a wound?
not too moist and not too dry
49
3 phases of bone healing
1. inflammatory (1-2 wks) 2. reparative (a few months) 3. romodeling (a few years)
50
3 bone healing complications
1. delayed unions 2. nonunion 3. malunion
51
ligament sprain that is mild with no instability of the joint
grade I
52
ligament sprain that is moderate with damage to torn fibers. some instability
grade II
53
ligament sprain that is severe. ligament is completely severed with no stability
grade III
54
excess fluid from edema puts pressure on nerves and blood vessels.
compartment syndrome
55
pain scale used for pts who are unable to verbalize pain
FLACC scale | Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability
56
when pain is not associated with an injury or procedure but has a much wider and serious affect
systemic pain
57
pain that occurs following an amputation
phantom pain
58
chronic pain condition of unknown cause which results in skin changes, increased pain sensations, as well as muscular and joint changes
complex regional pain syndrome CRPS
59
CRPS where there is no known nerve damage
Type I
60
CRPS where there is known nerve damage
Type II
61
CRPS treatment (3)
1. desensitize 2. ROM 3. maximize function
62
Mild pain meds (2)
1. NSAIDS | 2. Acetaminophen
63
Moderate pain meds (2)
1. Codeine | 2. Oxycodone
64
Severe pain meds (2)
1. Sedatives | 2. Morphine
65
PT interventions for pain (3)
1. modalities 2. functional activities 3. tissue/joint mobilization

Pathophysiology (11 decks)

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