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Pathophysiology > Inflammation, healing, pain > Flashcards

Inflammation, healing, pain Flashcards

1
Q

contains genetic material that is unique to each person

A

DNA

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2
Q

found in ribosomes (protein synthesis)

A

rRNA

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3
Q

takes info from DNA to ribosomes

A

mRNA

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4
Q

takes amino acids to ribosomes for protein development

A

tRNA

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5
Q

cell without development. reduced size

A

atrophy

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6
Q

cell with increased development. increased size

A

hypertrophy

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7
Q

change of cell from one type to another

A

metaplasia

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8
Q

increase in the number of cells

A

hyperplasia

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9
Q

decrease in the number of cells

A

hypoplasia

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10
Q

example of hypoplasia

A

uterus after pregnancy

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11
Q

damage to cell is short in duration. Hypoxia, anoxia, edema

A

reversible cell injury

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12
Q

What are examples of reversible cell adaptation? 3

A
  1. hypertrophy
  2. hyperplasia
  3. metaplasia
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13
Q

natural death of a cell

A

apoptosis

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14
Q

examples of irreversible cell injury. 3

A
  1. toxicity
  2. pathogens
  3. ischemia
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15
Q

hard dead cells

A

dystrophic calcification

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16
Q

bone formation where it is not supposed to be. In muscle

A

heterotopic calcification

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17
Q

body’s response to various causes of injury

A

inflammation

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18
Q

5 cardinal signs of inflammation

A
  1. heat
  2. redness
  3. edema
  4. pain
  5. loss of function
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19
Q

5 types of inflammation

A
  1. acute
  2. chronic
  3. acute on chronic
  4. transudate
  5. exudate
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20
Q

used in the blood’s clotting process

A

platelets

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21
Q

3 acute phagocytic cells

A
  1. polymorphonucleocytes
  2. eosinophils
  3. monocytes ->macrophages
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22
Q

acute inflammation occurs…

A

first 24 hours

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23
Q

subacute inflammation occurs…

A

after 24 hours

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24
Q

cells that bring tissues together

A

myofibroblasts

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25
Q

granulation tissue cells

A

angioblasts

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26
Q

cells that form collagen

A

fibroblasts

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27
Q

type of healing with reversible cell injury

A

regeneration

28
Q

type of healing with irreversible cell injury

A

repair

29
Q

wound with clean approximated edges (sutures, staples). Clean dry in-tact CDI

A

1st intention healing

30
Q

wound with clean edges that are NOT approximated. Higher chance of infection

A

2nd intention healing

31
Q

3 phases of wound healing

A
  1. inflammatory
  2. proliferative
  3. remodeling
32
Q

platelet coagulate. increased capillary permeability. Migration of neutropils and monocytes to eat debris and destroy bacteria

A

inflammatory phase

33
Q

2-3 weeks post injury. collagen synthesis. epithelialization. delayed if too wet or too dry

A

proliferative phase

34
Q

wound starts to close

A

epithelialization

35
Q

scar maturation. can take up to 18 months

A

remodeling phase

36
Q

at 6 weeks, scar tissue is _____ normal strength

A

50%

37
Q

fully formed scars are _______ of tissue’s original strength

A

70-80%

38
Q

What might delay a wound from healing? (3)

A
  1. Age
  2. Size (of wound)
  3. Location (of wound)
39
Q

an abnormal scar that projects beyond the surface of the skin. remains within boundary of original wound.

A

hypertrophic scar

40
Q

raised area of scar tissue that extends beyond the boarders of the original wound

A

keloid scar

41
Q

wound with redness that does not blanch (turn white), skin is intact

A

stage 1 wound

42
Q

wound with partial thickness. Moist and Pink. Epidermis and some dermis

A

Stage 2 wound

43
Q

wound with full thickness. granulation tissue. draining or nondraining

A

stage 3 wound

44
Q

wound with full thickness. destruction of deep tissue. draining and nondraining

A

stage 4 wound

45
Q

wound interventions do 3 things….

A
  1. stimulate wound healing
  2. clean wound
  3. debridement
46
Q

4 types of debridement

A
  1. sharp
  2. chemical
  3. mechanical
  4. autolytic
47
Q

3 layers of dressings

A
  1. contact
  2. intermediate
  3. outer
48
Q

What is the main goal when dressing a wound?

A

not too moist and not too dry

49
Q

3 phases of bone healing

A
  1. inflammatory (1-2 wks)
  2. reparative (a few months)
  3. romodeling (a few years)
50
Q

3 bone healing complications

A
  1. delayed unions
  2. nonunion
  3. malunion
51
Q

ligament sprain that is mild with no instability of the joint

A

grade I

52
Q

ligament sprain that is moderate with damage to torn fibers. some instability

A

grade II

53
Q

ligament sprain that is severe. ligament is completely severed with no stability

A

grade III

54
Q

excess fluid from edema puts pressure on nerves and blood vessels.

A

compartment syndrome

55
Q

pain scale used for pts who are unable to verbalize pain

A

FLACC scale

Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability

56
Q

when pain is not associated with an injury or procedure but has a much wider and serious affect

A

systemic pain

57
Q

pain that occurs following an amputation

A

phantom pain

58
Q

chronic pain condition of unknown cause which results in skin changes, increased pain sensations, as well as muscular and joint changes

A

complex regional pain syndrome CRPS

59
Q

CRPS where there is no known nerve damage

A

Type I

60
Q

CRPS where there is known nerve damage

A

Type II

61
Q

CRPS treatment (3)

A
  1. desensitize
  2. ROM
  3. maximize function
62
Q

Mild pain meds (2)

A
  1. NSAIDS

2. Acetaminophen

63
Q

Moderate pain meds (2)

A
  1. Codeine

2. Oxycodone

64
Q

Severe pain meds (2)

A
  1. Sedatives

2. Morphine

65
Q

PT interventions for pain (3)

A
  1. modalities
  2. functional activities
  3. tissue/joint mobilization

Pathophysiology (11 decks)

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