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Pathophysiology > Cardiovascular pathologies > Flashcards

Cardiovascular pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

Neural pathway of the heart (4)

A
  1. SA node
  2. AV node
  3. bundle of HIS
  4. purkinje fibers
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2
Q

first heart sound. ventricular systole (lubb)

A

S1

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3
Q

second heart sound. ventricular diastole (dubb)

A

S2

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4
Q

abnormal heart sound after age of 40

A

S3

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5
Q

S4 is heard after…

A

S1

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6
Q

normal heartbeat

A

sinus rhythm

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7
Q

pulse that is measured directly over the heart

A

apical pulse

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8
Q

cardiac output CO =

A

stroke volume SV x heart rate HR

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9
Q

normal blood pressure

A

120/80 mm Hg

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10
Q

abnormal contraction of the atria causing arrhythmia. Ineffective pumping of blood

A

atrial fibrillation

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11
Q

pulmonary problem causing blue lips, tongue, ears, mucous membranes

A

central cyanosis

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12
Q

cardiac problem causing blue fingers, nails, toes, and nose

A

peripheral cyanosis

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13
Q

S/S of cardiac disease (3)

A
  1. fatigue
  2. pain
  3. edema
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14
Q

measure of how much blood is pumped out by the L ventricle with each contraction

A

reduced ejection fraction

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15
Q

leads to loss of mm contraction of the heart

A

ventricular fibrillation

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16
Q

invasive cardiac test

A

angiography

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17
Q

noninvasive cardiac test

A

echocardiography

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18
Q

chest pain caused by ischemia to myocardium

A

angina pectoris

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19
Q

angina pectoris s/s (3)

A
  1. sharp pain
  2. sudden onset
  3. overexertion
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20
Q

angina pectoris PT intervention (2)

A
  1. rest

2. vasodilator

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21
Q

plaque buildup in the aorta. found mostly in older males

A

aortic atherosclerosis

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22
Q

aortic atherosclerosis s/s

A

none “silent disease”

aneurysm

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23
Q

aortic atherosclerosis PT intervention

A

none. contraindication: heavy lifting

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24
Q

hardening of arteries due to fatty cholesterol plagues

A

atherosclerosis

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25
Q

atherosclerosis PT intervention

A

be aware of clot formation

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26
Q

hardening of the walls of arterioles due to fatty cholesterol plagues

A

arteriosclerosis

27
Q

sudden stopping of the heart

A

Cardiac arrest/ MI

28
Q

MI s/s (3)

A
  1. dyspnea
  2. angina
  3. L arm pain
29
Q

MI PT intervention (2)

A
  1. CPR

2. cardiac rehab

30
Q

group of diseases where heart mm is not getting enough blood. Leads to myocardium hypertrophy

A

cardiomyopathy

31
Q

cardiomyopathy s/s (3)

A
  1. dyspnea
  2. cough
  3. ascites (ab edema)
32
Q

cardiomyopathy PT intervention

A

assist when deconditioning occurs

33
Q

heart is not able to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs due to R ventricular failure

A

R sided congestive heart failure CHF

34
Q

R sided CHF s/s (3)

A
  1. ascites
  2. headache
  3. distended neck veins
35
Q

R sided CHF PT intervention

A

strength, endurance, gait re-ed

36
Q

heart is not able to pump enough blood to meet body’s needs due to L ventricular failure

A

L sided CHF

37
Q

L sided CHF s/s (3)

A
  1. dyspnea
  2. cough
  3. cyanosis (c and p)
38
Q

bacterial infection of the lining of the heart and valves

A

Endocarditis

39
Q

Endocarditis s/s

A

fever and weakness

40
Q

inflammation of the myocardium from viruses or parasites

A

myocarditis

41
Q

myocarditis s/s (3)

A
  1. fever
  2. jt pain
  3. LE edema
42
Q

High blood pressure resulting from genetics, diet, stress, or lifestyle

A

hypertension

43
Q

hypertension BP

A

140/90 mmHg

44
Q

hypertension PT intervention

A

Check BP before, during and after tx

45
Q

heart is deprived of blood supply and heart mm dies of anoxia

A

ischemic heart disease (coronary artery disease)

46
Q

ischemic heart disease s/s (3)

A
  1. SOB (shortness of breath)
  2. sweating
  3. L shoulder pain
47
Q

ischemic heart disease PT intervention

A

cardiac rehab

48
Q

a result of endocarditis that creates an increased workload for the heart and can lead to heart failure.

A

valve disease

49
Q

2 s/s of valve disease

A
  1. dyspnea

2. fatigue

50
Q

valve disease PT interventions (2)

A
  1. mild exercise

2. stop exercise w/ coughing, fatigue, weakness

51
Q

inflammation of the arteries w/ an unknown cause

A

arteritis

52
Q

atherosclerosis in the arteries of the brain. major cause of stroke

A

cerebrovascular disease CVD

53
Q

inflammation w/ nodule formation of small and medium size arteries. no known cause

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

54
Q

PVD where pt is acutely sensitive to cold

A

Raynaud’s disease

55
Q

inflammation w/ thrombosis that affects vessels of hands and feet

A

Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease)

56
Q

atherosclerosis of the peripheral arteries

A

peripheral vascular disease PVD

57
Q

inflammation and clotting of veins

A

deep vein thrombosis

58
Q

valves of veins do not work well and cause distention. precursor to thrombus formation

A

varicose veins

59
Q

reduction of O2 transport that is detected by hemoglobin and hematocrit levels

A

anemia

60
Q

Phase I cardiac rehab time period and focus

A

3-5 days

ADLs

61
Q

Phase II cardiac rehab time frame and focus

A

6 weeks
Functional activities w/ vitals monitored
education

62
Q

Phase III cardiac rehab time frame and focus

A

6 weeks
More intense functional activities w/ less monitoring
education

63
Q

Phase IV cardiac rehab time frame and focus

A

1 year

maintaining fuction

Pathophysiology (11 decks)

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