Inflammation as a drug target Flashcards
What is eczema?
This is a chronic inflammation of the skin which affects 15 million people yearly.
What is gout?
This is uric acid crystals which are lodged n the skin and causes immense pain around the joints.
This results in a form of arthritis being developed.
What is vasculitis?
This is the inflammation of the blood vessels and restricts blood flow to then organs // tissues.
This can result in thickening // weakening // narrowing // scarring of the blood vessels.
Roughly how many people in the UK have IBD?
620, 000 people every year.
How much does it cost for a patient with IBD to be treated?
£6165
What is ulcerative colitis?
This is when the iinnermost lining of the colon and rectum is INFLAMMED. It’s a chronic condition.
What are the symptoms of having ulcerative colitis?
Diarrhea Abdominal Pain Rectal pain Bleeding Weight loss Fatigue
What is an effect of having ulcerative colitis?
Ulcers develop on the colon’s lining and thus, these can bleed and produce PUS.
What is Crohns disease?
Crohn’s diseases causes inflammation of the lining of the digestive system. The digestive system consists of GI tract and gut.
What are the causes of IBD?
Genetics
Immune System
What are the risk factors of IBD?
Smoking
Ethnicity
Age
Family History
What are the main symptoms of IBD?
Diarrhea
Bleeding ulcerrs
Stomach pain
Anemia
What is clinical diagnosis?
This is diagnosis from patients history and symptoms.
What are the ways of diagnosing inflammatory disorders ?
Clinical Diagnosis Antibody testing Inflammatory markers Imaging Tissue Biopsy
What are the examples of inflammatory marking?
CRP // Faecal calprotectin.
Stool sample
Blood test
What are some examples of imaging?
Colonoscopy = Examines the entire LARGE intestine. Endoscopy = Small intestine is inspected.
What is temporal arteritis?
This is when blood vessels linked to the eyes // jaw are inflamed = This can cause blindness and head pains.
If vision is lost, what can be given to treat temporal arteritis?
Steroids can be given.
Why would steroids be given?
These are anti - inflammatory medicines used to treat a RANGE of conditions.
What is the remission period ?
The remission period is the period of time where there are NO symptoms.
What is the relapse period?
This is the period whereby symptoms flare up again.
What are the side effects of using steroids?
Increased appetite // Mood changes // Sleeping
What is the time course of inflammatory disorders ?
Diagnosis
Treatment
Remission
Relapse // Flare = From here it goes back to the treatment phase.
During the treatment what is trying to be achieved?
Inducing the remission period.
During the treatment what is trying to be achieved?
Inducing the remission period.
During the remission period what is trying to be achieved?
Maintaining the remission period.
During the relapse // flare period what is trying to be achieved?
Acute Care // Stabilisation.
What are Corticosteroids?
These are steroid hormones ‘produced in the adrenal cortex’ and can be used to provide a variety of metabolic functions.
Can also be used to treat inflammation.
What is suppressed HXA axis?
This is a hormonal imbalance.
What is a reason as to why endogenous glands could be failing?
There is a reduction in CORTISOL and ANDROGEN levels - this occurs due to the corticosteroids.
This is an example of suppressed HXA axis.
What is a colostomy?
This is a surgery whereby there is a removal of a certain length of your bowel.
What is an ostomy applicance?
This is a pouch attached to your stoma and it is how waste from your abdomen is removed.
What are local complications of IBD?
Malnutrition
Anaemia
Bowel Obstruction
Increased risk of colon cancer
What are the systemic complications of IBD?
Joint pain
Osteoporosis
Eye redness
Skin rashes.
