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Drugs in Healthcare > Blood Pressure as a Drug Target : Hypertension > Flashcards

Blood Pressure as a Drug Target : Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

What is the equation for blood pressure?

A

Cardiac Output X Peripheral Resistance = Blood Pressure.

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2
Q

What is peripheral resistance?

A

How TIGHT are your blood vessels?

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3
Q

What are the 3 factors which determine peripheral resistance?

A

Autonomic Resistance = Sympathetic activity INCREASES.
Pharmacological Agents = Vaso-constrictor drug INCREASES resistance.
Blood Viscosity = Increasing the viscosity INCREASES then resistance.

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4
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

Amount of blood the heart pumps through the circulatory system in 1 minute.

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5
Q

What happens to the peripheral resistance, when the arteries constrict?

A

The resistance increases.

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6
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

Pressure in the vessels = Gives an indicator of when the heart has beaten and when it has relaxed.

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7
Q

What is systolic pressure?

A

Amount of pressure in your arteries during contraction of your heart muscle.

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8
Q

What is diastolic pressure?

A

Blood pressure when your heart muscle is relaxing from beating.

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9
Q

How is blood pressure normally given?

A

Systolic Pressure // Diastolic Pressure (mmHg)

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10
Q

What is the normal range for blood pressure?

A

90/60 to 120/80 mmHg.

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11
Q

What can increase blood pressure?

A

Exercise
Diet (increasing in salt // fat)
Age

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12
Q

What can decrease blood pressure?

A

Exercise
Diet (decreasing in salt // fat)
Atrioventricular valve

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13
Q

Why is blood pressure known as a surrogate marker?

A

It can cause other clinical conditions : Furthermore, you could have the problem but NO symptoms.

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14
Q

Name some long - term complications of hypertension.

A 
Coronary Heart Disease
Stroke
Cardiac Hypertrophy 
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Kidney Disease 
Retinopathy
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15
Q

Why is coronary heart disease a long term complication?

A

This arises due to the heart working under INCREASED PRESSURE.
Can lead to blood clot formation.

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16
Q

Why is stroke a long term complication?

A

This arises due to weakened arteries and the pressure build - up can cause the arteries to burst.
This leads to internal bleeding in the brain.

17
Q

What is classed as an abnormal blood pressure?

A

Anything above 180 mmHg.

18
Q

What is cardiac hypertrophy?

A

Abnormal Enlargement // Thickening of the heart muscle.

19
Q

Why is cardiac hypertrophy and failure classed as a long term complication?

A

Prevents the heart from working normally and therefore, pressure builds up and destroys the heart vessels.

20
Q

What are the symptoms of cardiac hypertrophy?

A

Chest Pain
Feeling Dizzy
Shortness of breath
Rapid Heartbeat

21
Q

What is another name for cardiac hypertrophy?

A

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy.

22
Q

What is peripheral vascular disease?

A

A blood circulation disorder which causes the blood vessels outside your heart andbrair to NARROW // BLOCK // SPASM.

23
Q

What is a knock on effect of peripheral vascular disease?

A

Blood supply to the vessels can be blocked off by FAT DEPOSITS building up in the vessels.

24
Q

Why is kidney disease classed as a long term complication?

A

The blood vessels and filters in the kidney are DAMAGED : thus, the removal of waste is hard.
Kidney shrinks due to high blood pressure = due to blood supply being reduced to the kidney tissue.

25
Q

What is retinopathy?

A

Damage to the retina of the eyes = can cause vision impairment.

26
Q

How is damage done to the retina?

A

When blood pressure INCREASES, the retina’s blood vessels thicken and so the vessels THICKEN.
This damages the retina’s blood vessels.

27
Q

What are the major cardiovascular risk factors?

A 
Gender = Male 
Age = The older you are, the greater the risk. 
Family History
Lack of exercise
Smoking 
Ethnicity = South Asian // African
28
Q

What are the symptoms of low blood pressure?

A 
Fainting 
Blurred Vision 
Nausea 
Fatigue 
Lack of concentration
29
Q

What is the main issue that arises with low blood pressure?

A

Lack of blood flow to the organs of the body.

30
Q

What does a lack of blood flow to the organs with low blood pressure mean?

A

Stroke
Heart Attack
Kidney Failure
Bowel Ischemia

Drugs in Healthcare (15 decks)

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