Inflammation and Cytokines Flashcards
Features of acute inflammation
Short duration
Exudation of fluid and plasma protein
Neutriphil and monocyte infiltration
Chronic inflammation features
Longer duration
Mononuclear
vascular proliferation
Scarring
What are cytokines main function
drivers of inflammation
What are cytokines features
Small peptides
produced and secreted by cells of immune system
What are 2 types of cytokines
Monokines and lymphokines
What is meant by autocrine
Cytokine binds to receptor on cell that is secreted on it
What is meant by paracrine
Cytokine binds to receptor on nearby cells
What is meant by endocrine
Cytokine binds to cells in different parts of the body
What are the 4 different properties of cytokines
- Pleiotopic- same cytokine act on different cell types
- different cell types secrete the same cytokine - Redundant - similar functions can be stimulated by different cytokines
- Synergy- two or more cytokines having greater than additive effects
- Antagonism- one cytokine inhibits the action of another
What families are cytokines involved in?
Haematopoietin family
Interferon family
Tumour necrosis factor family
Chemokine family
When is interleukin -2 produced?
following t -cell activation by APC
How does interleukin 2 act?
in an autocrine loop to induce t-cell proliferation
What is the difference in the alpha and gamma chain?
Alpha chain- cytokine specific
Gamma chain- shared by a number of cytokine receptors
What is the role of interleukin 4
Stimulates the role of B cell proliferation
What produces interleukin 4?
Activated t helper cells
What is Il-4 used for?
Growth factor for mast cells
Production of Ig G1 and IgE
Vital for immunoglobulin class switch
What produces interleukin -17
activated T helper 17 cells
What does IL-17 do?
Drives bone reabsoption in arthritis
induces neutrophil maturation and activation
major role in infectious diseases
What is Tumour necrosis factor alpha?
Principle mediator of anti-bacterial response
Where is tumour necrosis factor alpha derived from?
Macrophages and Tcells
What does tumour necrosis factor alpha do?
Induces neutraphil activation
activates endothelial cells
Long term- cachexia
acts on the hypothalmus to induce fever
What are the 2 types of inhibitory cytokines?
transforming growth factor
IL-10
What does transforming growth factor do?
Suppresses lymphocyte function
What does IL-10 do?
Suppresses immune system
What happens with cytokine dysregulation?
Asthma/allergy
Dysregulation of TH1/TH2 balance Th2 cytokines overproduced
What cells are dysregulated during an autoimmune response?
Th17
What does tumour necrosis factor induce during bacterial septic shock?
IL-1
IL-6
IL-8
What is chagas?
Severe immune suppression
depresssion of IL-2 receptor production
