Immunology Basics

Question 1

Define pathogen

Answer 1

Microorganism than can casue disease

Question 2

Define antigen

Answer 2

any molecule that binds to immunoglobulin or T cell receptor and MHC molecules

Question 3

Define immunoglobulin

Answer 3

Antigen binding molecules of B cells

Question 4

Define antibody

Answer 4

Secreted immunoglobulin

Question 5

Define Cytokines

Answer 5

Soluble mediators of inflammation

Question 6

Define vaccination

Answer 6

Deliberate introduction of protective immunity to a pathogen

Question 7

Define immunised

Answer 7

Ability to resist infection

Question 8

What are the 2 stages of an immune response?

Answer 8

Recogntition of the pathogen

Mounting an appropiate reaction against it to eliminate it

Question 9

7 Stages of phagocytosis

Answer 9

• 1-chemotaxis and adhrernce of microbe to phagocyte
• 2-ingestion of microbe by phagocyte
• 3-formation of phagosome
• 4-fusion of the phagosome with the lysosome to form phagolysosome
• 5-digestion of ingested microbes by the enzymes
• 6-formation of residual body containing indigestible material
• 7-discharge of waste materials

Question 10

What are the 2 types of adaptive immunity?

Answer 10

Humoral and cell mediated

Question 11

What is humoral immunity

Answer 11

Mediated by antibodies

can be transferred to a non-immune recipient by serum

Question 12

What is cell-mediated immunity

Answer 12

Immune response in which antigen specific T cells dominate