Inflammation

Question 1

Polymyalgia Rheumatica
def

Answer 1

is an inflammatory disorder that causes muscle pain and stiffness, especially in the shoulders and hips

Question 2

Polymyalgia Rheumatica
s&s

Answer 2

Weight loss
fatigue
carpal tunnel syndrome
low mood/anxiety
night at work
pain in morning for more than 45 mins
pitting oedema

More than 2 weeks of them to considering PR

Question 3

Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Management

Answer 3

Steroids - prednisolone
15mg for 1 week then assess
if poor response then PR is ruled out
3-4 weeks assess should show 70% improve
can take 1/2 years to slowly come off

Question 4

Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Diagnosis

Answer 4

Full blood count
Liver function test
Calcium - high amount = hyperparathyroidism and cancer
low amount = osteomalacia

Question 5

Polymyalgia Rheumatica
DDX

Answer 5

OA
RA
Spondylosis
hyperparathyroidism
osteomalacia

Question 6

RA
Def

Answer 6

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that can affect more than just your joints.

occurs when your immune system mistakenly attacks your own body’s tissues

affects the lining of your joints, causing a painful swelling that can eventually result in bone erosion and joint deformity.

Question 6

RA
s&s

Answer 6

Tender, warm, swollen joints

Joint stiffness that is usually worse in the mornings and after inactivity

Fatigue, fever and loss of appetite

Early rheumatoid arthritis tends to affect your smaller joints first — particularly the joints that attach your fingers to your hands and your toes to your feet.

About 40% of people who have rheumatoid arthritis also experience signs and symptoms that don’t involve the joints. Areas that may be affected include:

Skin
Eyes
Lungs
Heart
Kidneys
Salivary glands
Nerve tissue
Bone marrow
Blood vessels

Rheumatoid arthritis signs and symptoms may vary in severity and may even come and go. Periods of increased disease activity, called flares, alternate with periods of relative remission — when the swelling and pain fade or disappear. Over time, rheumatoid arthritis can cause joints to deform and shift out of place.

Question 7

RA
risk

Answer 7

females
middle age
smokers
obesity

Question 8

RA
4 stages

Answer 8

stage 1, synovitis. synovial membrane inflamed and thickens. ROM starts to limit

stage 2 - pannus. If the lining of a joint becomes inflamed, it is called pannus. Pannus can grow out of control, covering the surfaces of a joint’s bones and cartilage. The pannus releases fluids and chemicals that can eat away those tissues. bone and cartilage erodes.

stage 3 - fibrous ankylosis. symptoms start to show. joint is invaded by fibrous connective tissues.

stage 4 - bone ankylosis. bones fuse together with actual bone tissue instead of just a connective fibrous tissue. At this stage, pain actually goes away, but so does the ability to move. The joint is essentially gone, so you can’t bend or flex the area.

Question 9

What is Gout

Answer 9

Inflammatory disease that has too much uric acid in the blood. this causes build up of monosodium urate crystals to form in joints. over time can lead to destruction= in arthritis

Question 10

Gout causes and risk

Answer 10

height consumption of shellfish & red meat

dehydration from not enough water and height alcohol

Risks:
obesity
diabetes
chemo
kidney disease
men - 30-50

Question 11

Gout symptoms

Answer 11

Red
hot
tender
inflamed
reduced ROM
Toes on fire