Inflamation & Healing 1 Flashcards
What are the ways the body fights against injury?
Neural reflexes, fight or flight and protection against infection
How does the body protect against infection?
Commensal organs, epithelial surfaces, secretions, mucocillary action, phagocytic and immune cells
What are the features of acute inflammation?
Lasts for minutes/days, has neutrophils, exudate, vasodilation and macrophages. It is non specific.
What are the features of chronic inflammation?
Lasts for weeks/months/days, involves macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells. Specific
What is the vascular response in inflammation?
First arteriolar constriction, then arteriolar, venule and capillary dilation, increased vascular congestion and vasocongestion
What are the mechanisms of increased vascular permeability?
Retraction of endothelial cells (induced by NO and histamine), endothelial injury, leukocyte mediated vascular injury
What happens in leukocyte migration?
Vasocongestion more cells come in contact with epithelium, endothelium expresses cell adhesion molecules (induced to express by TNF and IL-1), neutrophils transiently bind to the adhesion molecules (selectins), neutrophils bind to PECAM-1, neutrophils are attracted into tissues by chemokine gradient
What are the cardinal features of acute inflammation?
redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function
What are the three main types of acute inflammatory exudate?
purulent, fibrinous, serous
What are the features of purulent exudate?
Neutrophil rich, usually caused by bacterial infection, can lead to liquefactive necrosis or an abscess because neutrophils release enzymes that damage cells
What are the features of fibrinous exudate?
Fibrin rich, tends to occur on serosal surfaces - can lead to adhesions
What are the features of serous exudate?
fluid rich e.g. blister
What is oedema?
Abnormal increase in interstitial fluid, caused by impaired lymphatic drainage, transudate or exudate
What is transudate?
Leaking of low protein fluid from capillaries due to increased hydrostatic pressure or reduced plasma oncotic pressure
What is exudate?
Leaking of high protein fluid from capillaries due to increased vascular permeability
