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Foundation > Adaptive Immunity - T cells (part 2) > Flashcards

Adaptive Immunity - T cells (part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 signals required between dendritic cells and T cells for T cell activation?

A

TCR with MHC+antigen, costimulation, cytokines

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2
Q

What adhesion molecules (receptors) are present on dendritic cells?

A

ICAM-1, DCSIGN, CD58

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3
Q

What adhesion molecules (ligands) are present on T cells?

A

LFA-1, ICAM-3, CD2

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4
Q

How does binding between dendritic cells and T cells go from low affinity to high affinity?

A

T cells recognise MHC cells with an antigen, leads to conformational change in LFA-1 which leads to high affinity binding

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5
Q

What molecules are present on the dendritic cell for costimulation?

A

CD80/86

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6
Q

What molecules are present on the T cell for costimulation?

A

CD28

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7
Q

How are different types of CD4 cells generated?

A

cytokines form dendritic cells induces differentiation

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8
Q

What type of CD4 cells does IL-12 give?

A

Th1

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9
Q

What type of CD4 cells does IL-4 give?

A

Th2

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10
Q

What type of CD4 cells does IL-6/IL-21, IL-23, TGFbeta give?

A

Th17

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11
Q

What type of CD4 cells does IL-6 give?

A

TFH

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12
Q

What type of CD4 cells does TGFbeta give?

A

Treg

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13
Q

How do CD4 cells provide different functions?

A

By giving off different cytokines

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14
Q

What type of cytokines does Th1 release?

A

IL-2, interferon gamma, LT

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15
Q

What type of cytokines does Th2 release?

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

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16
Q

What types of cytokines does Th17 release?

A

IL-17A, IL17F, IL-6, IL-21, IL-22

17
Q

What types of cytokines does TFH release?

A

IL-21

18
Q

What types of cytokines does Treg release?

A

TGFbeta, IL-10

19
Q

What is the transcription factor involved in Th1?

A

T-bet

20
Q

What is the transcription factor involved in Th2?

A

GATA-3

21
Q

What is the transcription factor involved in Th17?

A

RORgammaT

22
Q

What is the transcription factor involved in TFH?

A

Bcl-6

23
Q

What is the transcription factor involved in Treg?

A

FoxP3

24
Q

What is the function of Th1?

A

macrophage activation, isotype switching to IgG

25
Q

What is the function of Th2?

A

mast cell activation, eosinophil activation, isotype switching to IgE

26
Q

What is the function of Th17

A

neutrophil recruitment

27
Q

What is the function of TFH?

A

Help B cell proliferation and differentiation

28
Q

What is the function of Treg?

A

dampen down immune response once infection is clear

29
Q

What is the difference between T-depedent and T-independent B cell responses?

A

T-depedent responses have protein based antigens and involves isotype switching, higher affinity antibodies and memory. T -independent responses are non-protein based antigens and doesn’t give isotype switching (only IgM), low affinity antibodies and no memory

30
Q

How do CD4 T cells help B cells?

A

CD4 T cells express CD40L and B cells express CD40 - leads to isotype switching

31
Q

Where do CD4 T cells and B cells meet?

A

At germinal centres at follicle/paracortex junction

32
Q

How do B and T cells get to the germinal centres?

A

B cells down regulate CXCR5 and up regulate CCR7, T cells down regulate CCR7 and up regulate CXCR5 - and both follow chemotactic gradient

33
Q

What kinds of cells are present at germinal centres?

A

Activate B cells, T follicular helper cells and follicular dendritic cells

34
Q

What is the function of follicular dendritic cells?

A

Antigen depot that drives B cell activation and affinity maturation

35
Q

How do CD4 T cells help in the activation of CD8 T cells?

A

CD4 T cells interact with dendritic cells to allow the dendritic cells to activate CD8 T cells - this is a function of the CD40L

36
Q

What are the two ways which cytotoxic CD8 T cells kill infected cells?

A

Perforin punches holes in membrane to allow granzymes to enter and induce apoptosis or fas-ligand fas interactions lead to apoptosis

37
Q

How do T cells get to the site of infection?

A

Because of expression of receptors - endothelial cells at site of infection express CCL5 and CXCL10 and T cells express CCR5, CXCR3 and VLA-4

Foundation (25 decks)

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