Back Muscles & Movements Flashcards
What movement do facets in the thoracic spine permit?
Rotation in coronal plane
What movements do facets in the lumbar spine permit?
flexion and extension in the saggital plane
How do IV discs influence movement?
The thicker the disc - the more movement allowed
What does hyper flexion cause?
stretches sciatic nerve, causes nucleus to project posteriorly
What does hyper extension cause?
facet joints to ‘close down’
Where do lateral flexion and rotation occur?
Mostly in lumbar spine, but a little in thoracic spine (limited by ribs)
What stops IV disc from herniating posteriorly?
The posterior longitudinal ligament
What are the superficial muscles of the back?
Trapezius, lat dorsi, rhomboids, levator scapulae
What innervates superficial muscles of the back?
anterior rami (except trapezius which is innervated by the 11th cranial nerve)
What are the deep muscles of the back?
Erector spinae and transversospinalis
What innervates deep muscles of the back?
posterior rami
What is the action of erector spinae?
prime movers that work in extension and flexion (although doesn’t initiate extension)
What is the significance of the lateral border of erector spinae?
It corresponds with the angle of the ribs - common site of fracture
What is the action of transversospinalis?
short muscle, stabiliser, more to limit movement
In which direction do veins and lymphatics pass from the back?
Anteriorly
