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SAM fall17 > infectious dz: Dog 3 > Flashcards

infectious dz: Dog 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What human virus is canine distemper very close to?

A

measles

paramyxoviridae

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2
Q

How is canine distemper virus spread?

A

thru water droplets –> upper respiratory tract epithelium –> multiplies in tissue macrophages –> spreads to local lymphatics in tonsils and bronchial LN

by 2-4 days post infection viral number increases in tonsils and retropharyngeal and bronchial LN

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3
Q

By 4-6 days post infection, where is the canine distemper virus replicating in the body?

A

Lymphoid follicles of the spleen and gut associated lymphatic tissue (stomach and small intestine, mesenteric LN) and kupffer cells in the liver

**causes pyrexia and lymphopenia (T and B cells)

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4
Q

What kind of fever is noted with canine distemper virus?

A

Biphasic temperature spikes

noted upon initial viremia and multiplication and then widespread viral proliferation

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5
Q

On days 8-9 post infection, where has the distemper virus spread to?

A

Epithelial tissue and CNS

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6
Q

By what day post infection will patients with adequate distemper antibody titers cna cell mediated cytotoxicity clear the virus from most tissues?

A

Day 14 post infection

poor immunity will lead to spread in the skin, exocrine, endocrine glands, and epithelium of the GI, Resp, and genitourinary tract, and to the brain

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7
Q

What are some characteristic clinical signs of canine distemper virus?

A

Listlessness, anorexia, fever, URI, GI signs - dhr with blood and mucus

  • *bilateral serous oculonasal d/c - becomes mucopurulent
  • *biphasic pyrexia
  • *Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye)

Skin lesions - vesicles and pustules, nasal and digital hyperkeratosis

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8
Q

When are neuro signs typically noted in patients with canine distemper virus? What are they?

A

Noted 1-3 weeks post recovery from systemic illness

hyperaesthesia and cervical/paraspinal rigidity - meningeal inflammation

Sz, cerebellar and vestibular signs

***Myoclonus (with or without other neuro signs)

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9
Q

Who is your typically CDV patient?

A

3-6 month old unvaccinated or inadequately vaccinated puppy

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10
Q

When looking for antibodies to CDV - in the first two weeks of infection the patient will have an increase in ____ antibodies, and in weeks 2-4 there will be an increase in ____ antibodies

A

IgM peaks at two weeks (usually before neuro signs set in)

IgG peaks at 4 weeks

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11
Q

What diagnostic tests can be performed if you suspect CDV?

A

PCR (whole blood, serum, CSF)
Serum antibody testing: Gold standard = Neutralizing antibodies - look at IgG levels
*Indirect FA testing titers

peripheral blood smear - inclusion bodies in erythrocytes
CSP tap
MRI
Chest rads

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12
Q

What is the most common type of vaccine used for canine distemper virus?

A

Modified live vaccine

offers strong protection

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13
Q

When might you have vaccine failure?

A
  • failure to properly control vaccine temp
  • maternal antibodies present
  • Can result in adverse reaction
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14
Q

What is the pathogen for Canine infectious hepatitis?

A

Canine Adenovirus Type 1 (CAV-1)

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15
Q

T/F: Canine adenovirus is highly resistant to environmental inactivation

A

TRUE

steam cleaning is effective and caustic disinfectants

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16
Q

After infection with CAV-1 the virus is found in what tissues?

A

within all tissues - but by day 10-14 post infection the virus is found only in the kidneys and excreted in the urine for at least 6-9 months

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17
Q

When does severe viremia occur with canine adenovirus?

A

4-8 days post infection - then will spread through all tissues including hepatic cells, vascular endothelium, and CNS (high concentrations)

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18
Q

How are dogs exposed to canine adenovirus?

A

Oronasal exposure

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19
Q

antibodies start to form within ___ days post infection with CAV-1

A

seven days

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20
Q

What is the usual cause of death associated with CAV-1 infections?

A

acute hepatic necrosis = hepatic failure = hypoglycemia

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21
Q

What animals have the highest mortality associated with canine infectious hepatitis?

A

Young puppies - will usually die within a few hours after onset of clinical signs

Dogs less than 1 year are usually infected

all unvaccinated dogs can develop this dz

22
Q

What clinical signs can be seen with canine infectious hepatitis?

A

Pyrexia, tachycardia, tachypnea, coughing, tonsillar enlargement and lymphadenopathy, hemorrhagic diathesis, widespread bleeding

*icterus is uncommon, bc most patients will die before this is noted

23
Q

Why aren’t neuro signs often noted in patients with infectious hepatitis?

A

Increased ammonia levels will cause neuro signs, but the patient will become hypoglycemic and die before that can happen

24
Q

Dogs who survive canine adenovirus will have what lesion?

A

Blue eye - corneal edema and anterior uveitis

25
Q

What blood work abnormalities do you expect to see in a patient with infectious hepatitis?

A

CBC: leukopenia, lymphopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia

Chem: hyperglobulinemia, Increased ALT, AST, ALP

Coags - findings consistent with DIC

UA- proteinuria

26
Q

What dx tests can be performed for canine infectious hepatitis?

A

Abdominocentesis: yellow to hemorrhagic fluid

Serology

CSF - minimal changes (since patient will die before ammonia levels increase)

Path - swollen liver and mottled, multiple ecchymotic hem

27
Q

How are CAV-1 patients treated?

A

Supportive - FFP or whole blood, glucose, antibiotics etc

Vaccine is available

28
Q

What is the most common strain of the canine parvovirus?

A

CPV-2

29
Q

T/F: Canine parvovirus is very stable in the environment

A

TRUE

30
Q

What dogs are predisposed to parvo?

A

6 weeks to 6 months of age

rotties, dobes, labs, pits, german sheps, and alaskan sled dogs are predisposed

31
Q

What is the incubation period of canine parvovirus?

A

1 - 5 days

32
Q

What clinical signs are seen with parvo infections?

A

Vomiting, diarrhea (yellow to hemorrhagic), anorexia, bone marrow suppression - leukopenia (not in every patient)

Myocarditis (rare)

33
Q

What is the parvo fecal ELISA testing for?

A

Viral antigen

34
Q

T/F: Fecal parvo PCR can distinguish between vaccination and natural infection?

A

TRUE

35
Q

T/F: Serology is a good method of diagnostic testing for parvo

A

FALSE

this is only good to detect immunity from vaccinated animals

36
Q

What kind of treatment is necessary for parvo patients?

A

Rehydration, antiemetics and GI protectants
getting the patients to eat - feeding tube if necessary,
broad spectrum antibiotics: ampicillin, cefazolin, amikacin, metro

+/- whole blood or plasma or colloids

37
Q

What type of vaccine is the canine parvo vax?

A

Modified live is best - may cause a transient leukopenia 4-6 days post injection

38
Q

How long is the parvo virus shed for? How long can it survive in the environment?

A

Shed for 4-5 days

Can survive for more than five months in ideal conditions

Need to disinfect with 1 part bleach/30 parts water - let soak for 10 minutes

39
Q

What patients are most susceptible to canine corona virus?

A

Neonates

highly contagious, found in dogs with or without dhr

40
Q

What clinical signs are associated with canine corona virus?

A

Enteric coronavirus: subclinical to mild dhr - feces is orange in color, malodorous, and infrequently contains blood, loss of appetite and lethargy

Pantropic coronavirus: lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, hem. dhr, leukopenia, ataxia, respiratory difficulty

41
Q

What methods of diagnostics are used to diagnose canine coronavirus?

A

Electron microscopy of fresh feces
Fecal PCR
ELISA fecal snap test (antibodies)
Serum VN

42
Q

Is coronavirus a standard vaccine given to puppies?

A

No

should be considered if there have been many cases in your area

43
Q

Canine rotavirus affects puppies of what age?

A

Less than 12 weeks

mild diarrhea

44
Q

What test can be run to confirm rotavirus in a puppy?

A

fecal ELISA for rotavirus antigen

45
Q

What virus causes fading puppy syndrome?

A

Canine herpes virus

46
Q

How do puppies get canine herpes virus?

A

in utero, passage through birth canal, contact with little mates, from oronasal secretions from dam

47
Q

If an animal is less than 1 week old when infected with canine herpes virus, they will get the ______ ______ infection

A

Fatal generalized infection

aka fading puppy

multifocal hemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal glands, kidneys, lungs, spleen, and liver –> DIC

48
Q

If an animal is over 2 weeks old when infected with canine herpes virus, they will get the ______ ______ infection

A

mild or inapparant infection

49
Q

Where is viral replication of canine herpes virus limited to in older patients?

A

nasopharynx, genital tract, tonsils, retropharyngeal and bronchial LN, conjunctival tissue, occasionally the lungs

50
Q

What is the most reliable diagnostic test for canine herpes virus?

A

PCR

other - serology (better to gauge protection), viral isolation

51
Q

What is the tx for canine herpes virus?

A

Unrewarding in neonates :(

Vaccination of breeding dogs (prior to breeding) should be implemented to prevent this dz

SAM fall17 (8 decks)

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