Infectious diseases of dogs Flashcards
What is the causative agent of Rubarth’s disease
Canine adenovirus 1
Infectious canine hepatitis virus characteristics
= from canine adenovirus 1
Non enveloped dsDNA; survives well in environment
How does infection with canine adenovirus 1 work
Mainly puppies before vaccination
Naso/oropharyngeal infection; penetrates epithelium –> lymphatic spread to hepatocytes/kidney/spleen/eye
Clinical signs of canine infectious hepatitis
Lethargy, anorexia, abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, jaundice, vomiting, haematemesis/chezia
May see BLUE EYE in first week of infection
Pathological findings with infectious canine hepatitis PM
Protein rich fluid in peritoneum, swollen pale liver, ecchymotic haemorrhages on serosa
Histologically: hepatocytes have owl eye includion bodies, necrosis in liver
+ blue eye = antibody-antigen response; POSITIVE sign for recovery
Can get dissemination into brain
Canine distemper virus
= enveloped RNS virus; causes multisystem disease
Paramyxovirus
Get infection of URT lymphoid tissue, spread via lymphatics –> viraemia
THEN affects respiratry, GI, CNS and skin
What are the signs of classical distemper
Prexia, anorexa, conjunctiviity, oculo-nasal diacharge, cough, leukopenia
What is chronic distemper
Where a good immune response is mounted
See ocular signs
CNS effects; progressive ataxia, paralysis
Hyperkeratotic epithelial tissue = HARD PAD
Enamel hypoplasia if while developing dentition
Which virus is responsible for ‘hard pad’ due to proliferation of epithelial tissue
Distemper virus; chornic form
What viruses are covered by DHPPi vaccination
Distemper virus
Hepatitis; via canine adenovirus
Parainfluenza virus
Parvovirus
Canine parovirus
= non-enveloped ssDNA virus; stable in environment
Seen esp in puppies
Faeco-oral transmission; get replication in oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue -> viraemia -> infects rapidly dividing cells
Clinical signs of canine parvovirus
Fever, lethargy, abdominal pain, emesis
THEN profuse haemorrhagic diarrhoea
IF neonates/in utero infections: can get myocarditis; see death or congestive heart failure
What strains does the L4 vaccine contain
L icterohaemorrhagiae, L canicola, L grippotyphosa, L australis
What do leptospira pathogens look like
= thin, spiral, motile bacteria
How does leptospira infection work
Urine contact; organisms penetrate abraded skin or intact MMs
–> Rapid multiplication in blood stream
–> Spread to kidneys and liver
Release haemolysin toxin; so see intravascular haemolysis and icterus
+ petechial haemorrhages from bacteraemia
Where is the reservoir of lectospira in the host
Proximal convoluted tubules
What blood parameters give leptospira suspicion
Thrombocytopenia, raised liver and kidney parameters
Normal blood glucose BUT GLUCOSE IN URINE
Treatment of leptospira
Doxycycline
Ampicillin/penicillin
Pathology seen with leptospira infection
Icterus, enlarged liver and spleen, ecchymotic haemorhages
On histology: dissociation of hepatocytes so don’t see portal triads etc; relative lack f inflammation
Which dogs are especially at risk of leptospirosis
Male, large breed, entire dogs with wildlife access i.e outdoor
What are the infectious agents in kennel cough
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Canine parainfluenza virus
Also: CDV, CAV-2, CHV-1
Clinical signs of infectious canine tracheobronchitis
Dry hacking cough, pharyngeal retch, serous nasal discharge
Often think there is ‘something in their throat’
Difference in how herpes viruses affect dogs and cats
In dogs, virus can become systemic
What class of herpesvirus affects dogs
Alpha
e.g CHV-1
