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Small animal general practice > Infectious diseases of dogs > Flashcards

Infectious diseases of dogs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the causative agent of Rubarth’s disease

A

Canine adenovirus 1

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2
Q

Infectious canine hepatitis virus characteristics

A

= from canine adenovirus 1
Non enveloped dsDNA; survives well in environment

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3
Q

How does infection with canine adenovirus 1 work

A

Mainly puppies before vaccination

Naso/oropharyngeal infection; penetrates epithelium –> lymphatic spread to hepatocytes/kidney/spleen/eye

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4
Q

Clinical signs of canine infectious hepatitis

A

Lethargy, anorexia, abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, jaundice, vomiting, haematemesis/chezia
May see BLUE EYE in first week of infection

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5
Q

Pathological findings with infectious canine hepatitis PM

A

Protein rich fluid in peritoneum, swollen pale liver, ecchymotic haemorrhages on serosa

Histologically: hepatocytes have owl eye includion bodies, necrosis in liver

+ blue eye = antibody-antigen response; POSITIVE sign for recovery

Can get dissemination into brain

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6
Q

Canine distemper virus

A

= enveloped RNS virus; causes multisystem disease
Paramyxovirus

Get infection of URT lymphoid tissue, spread via lymphatics –> viraemia
THEN affects respiratry, GI, CNS and skin

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7
Q

What are the signs of classical distemper

A

Prexia, anorexa, conjunctiviity, oculo-nasal diacharge, cough, leukopenia

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8
Q

What is chronic distemper

A

Where a good immune response is mounted

See ocular signs
CNS effects; progressive ataxia, paralysis
Hyperkeratotic epithelial tissue = HARD PAD
Enamel hypoplasia if while developing dentition

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9
Q

Which virus is responsible for ‘hard pad’ due to proliferation of epithelial tissue

A

Distemper virus; chornic form

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10
Q

What viruses are covered by DHPPi vaccination

A

Distemper virus
Hepatitis; via canine adenovirus
Parainfluenza virus
Parvovirus

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11
Q

Canine parovirus

A

= non-enveloped ssDNA virus; stable in environment
Seen esp in puppies

Faeco-oral transmission; get replication in oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue -> viraemia -> infects rapidly dividing cells

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12
Q

Clinical signs of canine parvovirus

A

Fever, lethargy, abdominal pain, emesis
THEN profuse haemorrhagic diarrhoea

IF neonates/in utero infections: can get myocarditis; see death or congestive heart failure

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13
Q

What strains does the L4 vaccine contain

A

L icterohaemorrhagiae, L canicola, L grippotyphosa, L australis

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14
Q

What do leptospira pathogens look like

A

= thin, spiral, motile bacteria

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15
Q

How does leptospira infection work

A

Urine contact; organisms penetrate abraded skin or intact MMs
–> Rapid multiplication in blood stream
–> Spread to kidneys and liver

Release haemolysin toxin; so see intravascular haemolysis and icterus
+ petechial haemorrhages from bacteraemia

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16
Q

Where is the reservoir of lectospira in the host

A

Proximal convoluted tubules

17
Q

What blood parameters give leptospira suspicion

A

Thrombocytopenia, raised liver and kidney parameters
Normal blood glucose BUT GLUCOSE IN URINE

18
Q

Treatment of leptospira

A

Doxycycline
Ampicillin/penicillin

19
Q

Pathology seen with leptospira infection

A

Icterus, enlarged liver and spleen, ecchymotic haemorhages

On histology: dissociation of hepatocytes so don’t see portal triads etc; relative lack f inflammation

20
Q

Which dogs are especially at risk of leptospirosis

A

Male, large breed, entire dogs with wildlife access i.e outdoor

21
Q

What are the infectious agents in kennel cough

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica
Canine parainfluenza virus

Also: CDV, CAV-2, CHV-1

22
Q

Clinical signs of infectious canine tracheobronchitis

A

Dry hacking cough, pharyngeal retch, serous nasal discharge

Often think there is ‘something in their throat’

23
Q

Difference in how herpes viruses affect dogs and cats

A

In dogs, virus can become systemic

24
Q

What class of herpesvirus affects dogs

A

Alpha
e.g CHV-1

25
Q

Causative agent in tetanus

A

Clostridium tetani = gram +ve spore forming anaerobe

26
Q

Clinical signs of tetanus

A

Stiff gait, dorsally curved tail, erect ears, difficulty standing or lying

27
Q

Pathogenesis of tetanus

A

Spores enter penetrating wounds and convert to vegetative state; start making toxins which ascend nerves and prevent release of inhibitory neurotransmitters by interneurons
-> Get spastic paralysis

See signs 3-18 days after wound contamination

28
Q

What causes Lyme disease and what are the signs in dogs

A

Spirochaete B burgdorferi; spread by Ixodes ricinis ticks

Dogs mainly asymptomatic

29
Q

If in doubt in dogs what are we treating bacterial infections with

A

doxycycline

30
Q

How does angiostrongylus vasorum infection in dogs work

A

Adults live in pulmonary arteries; get coughing and activation of coagulation system

COMBINATION: RESPIRATORY SIGNS AND ABNORMAL BLEEDING

31
Q

Treatment for angiostrongylus vasorum in dogs

A

Fenbendazole

Could use advocate (moxidectin)

32
Q

What type of virus causes rabies

A

Enveloped RNA virus
= lyssavirus

33
Q

What genotype is classical rabies vs bat rabies

A

Classical = 1
Bat rabies = 2-7

34
Q

Diagnosis of rabies

A

Fluorescent antibody staining of the brain used to be used but false -ves

real-time PCR best

35
Q

Pathogenesis of rabies

A

Inoculation via bite wound; migration to the CNS via nerves, CNS multiplication then viral dissemination

Furious form: excitement pyrexia, aggression
Dumb form: timid, affectionate, dysphagia
Both progress to paralysis and death

Other sign - hydrophobia due to pain on swallowing; so saliva drools out

36
Q

What is the minimum age a puppy can be given. rabies vaccination

A

12 weeks; then takes 3 weeks before effective enough to import puppy

37
Q

Survival of rabies virus

A

Can surivive in deep freezing
BUT readily inactivated by disinfectants

38
Q

Histopath of rabies

A

No gross lesions
On histopath see non-suppurative polioencephalomyelitis
Negri bodies = intra-cytoplasmic inclusinos

Small animal general practice (7 decks)

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