Infectious diseases of cats Flashcards by Millie Dinan

Main two viruses in cat flu

20% Feline herpes virus 1
80% Feline calicivirus

(+ influenza involved to some extent)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

FHV-1 characteristics

Enveloped so easily inactivated
Establishes latent infection in trigeminal ganglion
dsDNA

Disease = anorexia, pyrexia, sneezing, nasal/ocular discharge
– Can get dermatological FHV from nasal secretion onto face

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Treating FHV-1 drug

Famciclovir (= prodrug) for inhibiting viral DNA polymerase
Can also use aciclovir

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Feline calicivirus characteristics

Non-enveloped so stable in environment
ssRNA

ANTIGENICALLY DIVERSE: lots of strains

Can get carriers via oropharyngeal persistent infection
Signs: URT signs + erosive lesions of tongue, nose and lips
+ in rare cases can get systemic disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Drugs for feline calicivirus

NONE just supportive care

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Do cat flu vaccines protect against disease

No - will just reduce severity
+ other viruses can cause this; we just vaccinate against main two

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chlamydia felis presentation and treatment

Conjunctivitis
= classic inflammatory reaction

Treat with doxycycline

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bordetella bronchiseptica in cats

Common in shelters
Causes sneezing, can get pneumonia (NB: cough uncommon)

= zoonosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Histopath of parvovirus

Gross: haemorrhagic enteric lesions, loss of villus pile

Histopath: villus collapse (no replacement from crypt)
Dilated crypts, epithelial cells flatten
LNs show massive lymphocyte depletion due to lytic infection by virus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Characteristics of parvovirus

ssDNA non-enveloped virus so survives in environment well
Spreads via faeco-oral route
- Enters via oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue then get viraemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Signs of parvovirus infection

Depression, pyrexia, hypothermia
+ diagnosis: on bloods so leukopenia, faecal ELISA/PCR

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

WHich virus causes FIP

coronavirus; mutated form which can infect macrophages to cause pyogranulomatous vasculitis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dry vs wet FIP

Dry FIP: get moderate cell mediated response –> pyogranulomatous inflammation

Wet FIP: no cell mediated response; get high protein exudates in thorax/adbomen

There is progression from dry to wet

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Effusion characteristics in wet FIP

High protein >35g/L and cell count less than 5000cells/ml

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Typical cats getting FIP

Young pedigree cats from multi-cat househholds

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What antigen are we detecting in blood in feline leukaemia virus test

p27

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What capsid protein is used as part of FeLV vaccine

gp70

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Possible outcomes of infection with FeLV

Abortive infection = cleared
Regressive infection= latency
Progressive infection = persistent viraemia; high fatality and mainly seen in YOUNG animals

Age = key determinant

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What issue does viral envelope peptide p15E cause in feline leukaemia virus

immunosuppression via altering B and T cell function

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of neoplasia caused by FeLV

Lymphoma
Leukaemia
Fibrosarcomas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How goodis the ELISA for FeLV

Sensitive: low false negative rate
But can get false +ves so need to confirm with virus isolation or immunofluorescence

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How does FIV work

Infection via biting; then viraemia, then infects CD4+ T cells so get depresion –> immunodeficiency

Diagnosis of FIV infection

Via antibody detection to the p24 or gp41 proteins

risk of false +ve
Also risk of false negative because immune system so weak that antibody level not detectable

Cause of feline infectious anaemia

mycoplasma haemofelis

Typical cat with FIA

male, freeroaming, non-pedigree

Type of anaemia with FIA

= antibody-mediated haemolysis Regenerative Corresponds with cycles of parasitaemia at 6 day intervals

Treatment for FIA

Doxocycline for 6 weeks

Main cause of cat scratch disease

Bartonella henselae

What type of disease is cat scratch disease

infectious vasculoproliferative disease

What disease does mycoplasma lepraemurium cause

Feline leprosy

Which species can cause tuberculosis in cats

M bovis (from humans) M microti (from voles) seen in siamese + raw feeding association

Kitten vaccines

at 9 and 12 weeks old With parvovirus, calicivirus and herpesviruses

Coronavirus characteristics

large enveloped ssRNA virus

Feline leukaemia virus type

Enveloped RNA retrovirus ssRNA

FIV virus type

Retrovirus of family lentivirus

What strain does the FCV vaccine usually use

After which vaccine might we see transient polyarthritis as a side effect

FCV

Pathology of feline calicivirus

In lungs get infection and necrosis of type 1 epithelial cells Compensatory proliferation of type 2 cells which are more cuboidal and mipair exchange + if there is pneumonitis: see thickening of the alveolar septi

What drug is generally good for treating URT infections in cats

Tetracyclines

Which antibiotic do we avoid using to treat bordetella bronchiseptica due to resistance

Trimethoprim or ampicillin (instead do for doxycylcine; could use amoxycillin/clav acid)

Effect of vaccination of ability to get latent carriers of cat flu viruses

DOESN'T STOP THIS

What tissues does parvovirus like to infect

Those with high mitotic rate i.e crypt epithelial cells, lymphoid tissue and BM, placental/fetal tissues esp cerebellum, myocardium

What can infection with parvovirus in utero lead to

If in first 1/3 gestation: fetal resorption Middle-end gestation: cerebellar hypoplasia of neonate

What blood results suggests parvovirus infection and what suggests recovery from this

Initially get panleucopenia (decrease in number of all white blood cells) > Then development of neutrophilia with left shift suggests recovery

Factors which determine whether cat exposed to feline coronavirus will develop FIP

Strain Dose; higher dose gives higher FIP risk Stress; cats developing FIP have history of stress in months before Genetic susceptibility

What proportion of cats infected with FeCoV will go on to develop FIP

10%

Haematology signs of a cat with FIP

Hyperglobulinaemia (albumin:globulin ratio of <0.4 i.e 0.4:1) Lymphopenia More likely to find non-regenerative anaemia with dry FIP

Palliative treatment for FIP

Prednisolone; to modulate immune response

What molecule on FeLV determines subgroup and mediates attachment to receptors on cells

gp70 Subgroups = A, B, C

What antigen do we aim to raise antibodies against with vaccination for FeLV

gp70

FIV test aims to detect

p24 capsid protein (core) Or gp41 Via antibody

What should we do if we get a positive in house FIV result

Confirm it with westerm blot or fluorescence antibody testing

Where do cats get tuberculosis mycobacteria from

M bovis from humans M microti from voles (NB: resistant to M tuberculosis)

What would muliple nodules on the head/limbs of a cat suggest

Infection with M lepraemurium from rodents = feline leprosy