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Small animal general practice > Infectious diseases of cats > Flashcards

Infectious diseases of cats Flashcards

1
Q

Main two viruses in cat flu

A

20% Feline herpes virus 1
80% Feline calicivirus

(+ influenza involved to some extent)

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2
Q

FHV-1 characteristics

A

Enveloped so easily inactivated
Establishes latent infection in trigeminal ganglion
dsDNA

Disease = anorexia, pyrexia, sneezing, nasal/ocular discharge
– Can get dermatological FHV from nasal secretion onto face

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3
Q

Treating FHV-1 drug

A

Famciclovir (= prodrug) for inhibiting viral DNA polymerase
Can also use aciclovir

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4
Q

Feline calicivirus characteristics

A

Non-enveloped so stable in environment
ssRNA

ANTIGENICALLY DIVERSE: lots of strains

Can get carriers via oropharyngeal persistent infection
Signs: URT signs + erosive lesions of tongue, nose and lips
+ in rare cases can get systemic disease

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5
Q

Drugs for feline calicivirus

A

NONE just supportive care

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6
Q

Do cat flu vaccines protect against disease

A

No - will just reduce severity
+ other viruses can cause this; we just vaccinate against main two

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7
Q

Chlamydia felis presentation and treatment

A

Conjunctivitis
= classic inflammatory reaction

Treat with doxycycline

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8
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in cats

A

Common in shelters
Causes sneezing, can get pneumonia (NB: cough uncommon)

= zoonosis

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9
Q

Histopath of parvovirus

A

Gross: haemorrhagic enteric lesions, loss of villus pile

Histopath: villus collapse (no replacement from crypt)
Dilated crypts, epithelial cells flatten
LNs show massive lymphocyte depletion due to lytic infection by virus

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10
Q

Characteristics of parvovirus

A

ssDNA non-enveloped virus so survives in environment well
Spreads via faeco-oral route
- Enters via oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue then get viraemia

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11
Q

Signs of parvovirus infection

A

Depression, pyrexia, hypothermia
+ diagnosis: on bloods so leukopenia, faecal ELISA/PCR

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12
Q

WHich virus causes FIP

A

coronavirus; mutated form which can infect macrophages to cause pyogranulomatous vasculitis

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13
Q

Dry vs wet FIP

A

Dry FIP: get moderate cell mediated response –> pyogranulomatous inflammation

Wet FIP: no cell mediated response; get high protein exudates in thorax/adbomen

There is progression from dry to wet

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14
Q

Effusion characteristics in wet FIP

A

High protein >35g/L and cell count less than 5000cells/ml

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15
Q

Typical cats getting FIP

A

Young pedigree cats from multi-cat househholds

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16
Q

What antigen are we detecting in blood in feline leukaemia virus test

A

p27

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17
Q

What capsid protein is used as part of FeLV vaccine

A

gp70

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18
Q

Possible outcomes of infection with FeLV

A

Abortive infection = cleared
Regressive infection= latency
Progressive infection = persistent viraemia; high fatality and mainly seen in YOUNG animals

Age = key determinant

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19
Q

What issue does viral envelope peptide p15E cause in feline leukaemia virus

A

immunosuppression via altering B and T cell function

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20
Q

Types of neoplasia caused by FeLV

A

Lymphoma
Leukaemia
Fibrosarcomas

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21
Q

How goodis the ELISA for FeLV

A

Sensitive: low false negative rate
But can get false +ves so need to confirm with virus isolation or immunofluorescence

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22
Q

How does FIV work

A

Infection via biting; then viraemia, then infects CD4+ T cells so get depresion –> immunodeficiency

23
Q

Diagnosis of FIV infection

A

Via antibody detection to the p24 or gp41 proteins

risk of false +ve
Also risk of false negative because immune system so weak that antibody level not detectable

24
Q

Cause of feline infectious anaemia

A

mycoplasma haemofelis

25
Q

Typical cat with FIA

A

male, freeroaming, non-pedigree

26
Q

Type of anaemia with FIA

A

= antibody-mediated haemolysis
Regenerative
Corresponds with cycles of parasitaemia at 6 day intervals

27
Q

Treatment for FIA

A

Doxocycline for 6 weeks

28
Q

Main cause of cat scratch disease

A

Bartonella henselae

29
Q

What type of disease is cat scratch disease

A

infectious vasculoproliferative disease

30
Q

What disease does mycoplasma lepraemurium cause

A

Feline leprosy

31
Q

Which species can cause tuberculosis in cats

A

M bovis (from humans)
M microti (from voles)
seen in siamese + raw feeding association

32
Q

Kitten vaccines

A

at 9 and 12 weeks old
With parvovirus, calicivirus and herpesviruses

33
Q

Coronavirus characteristics

A

large enveloped ssRNA virus

34
Q

Feline leukaemia virus type

A

Enveloped RNA retrovirus
ssRNA

35
Q

FIV virus type

A

Retrovirus of family lentivirus

36
Q

What strain does the FCV vaccine usually use

A

F9

37
Q

After which vaccine might we see transient polyarthritis as a side effect

A

FCV

38
Q

Pathology of feline calicivirus

A

In lungs get infection and necrosis of type 1 epithelial cells
Compensatory proliferation of type 2 cells which are more cuboidal and mipair exchange

+ if there is pneumonitis: see thickening of the alveolar septi

39
Q

What drug is generally good for treating URT infections in cats

A

Tetracyclines

40
Q

Which antibiotic do we avoid using to treat bordetella bronchiseptica due to resistance

A

Trimethoprim or ampicillin

(instead do for doxycylcine; could use amoxycillin/clav acid)

41
Q

Effect of vaccination of ability to get latent carriers of cat flu viruses

A

DOESN’T STOP THIS

42
Q

What tissues does parvovirus like to infect

A

Those with high mitotic rate i.e crypt epithelial cells, lymphoid tissue and BM, placental/fetal tissues esp cerebellum, myocardium

43
Q

What can infection with parvovirus in utero lead to

A

If in first 1/3 gestation: fetal resorption
Middle-end gestation: cerebellar hypoplasia of neonate

44
Q

What blood results suggests parvovirus infection and what suggests recovery from this

A

Initially get panleucopenia (decrease in number of all white blood cells)
> Then development of neutrophilia with left shift suggests recovery

45
Q

Factors which determine whether cat exposed to feline coronavirus will develop FIP

A

Strain
Dose; higher dose gives higher FIP risk
Stress; cats developing FIP have history of stress in months before
Genetic susceptibility

46
Q

What proportion of cats infected with FeCoV will go on to develop FIP

A

10%

47
Q

Haematology signs of a cat with FIP

A

Hyperglobulinaemia (albumin:globulin ratio of <0.4 i.e 0.4:1)
Lymphopenia

More likely to find non-regenerative anaemia with dry FIP

48
Q

Palliative treatment for FIP

A

Prednisolone; to modulate immune response

49
Q

What molecule on FeLV determines subgroup and mediates attachment to receptors on cells

A

gp70

Subgroups = A, B, C

50
Q

What antigen do we aim to raise antibodies against with vaccination for FeLV

A

gp70

51
Q

FIV test aims to detect

A

p24 capsid protein (core)
Or gp41

Via antibody

52
Q

What should we do if we get a positive in house FIV result

A

Confirm it with westerm blot or fluorescence antibody testing

53
Q

Where do cats get tuberculosis mycobacteria from

A

M bovis from humans
M microti from voles

(NB: resistant to M tuberculosis)

54
Q

What would muliple nodules on the head/limbs of a cat suggest

A

Infection with M lepraemurium from rodents
= feline leprosy

Small animal general practice (7 decks)

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