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Maud- Phase 3b > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of a septic screen?

A

Bloods: FBC, Blood culture, CRP
Other: LP, Urinalysis, CXR

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2
Q

According to NEWS score what temperature is classed as fever?

A

38

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3
Q

Give some causes of night sweats?

A

Infection: TB, HIV, Osteomyelitis
Drugs: antidepressants, antipsychotics
Endocrine: hyperthyroid, DM
Other: menopause, anxiety

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4
Q

What is a rigor? what does it suggest? example cause?

A

Uncontrollable limb shaking and teeth chattering
Looks like seizure but no LOC

suggests severe fever
Cause- sepsis, empyema, malaria

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5
Q

Give 3 examples of viral causes of gastroenteritis

A

Norovirus
Rotavirus
Adenovirus

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6
Q

What are the potential complications of gastroenteritis?

A

Lactose intolerance, IBS, GBS, reactive arthritis

HUS (after e.coli 0157)

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7
Q

Does inflammatory or non-inflammatory diarrhoea produce watery and profuse diarrhoea?

A

Non-inflammatory

e.g cholera, staph aureus, enterotoxigenic diarrhoea, giardia

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8
Q

Give several causes of non-inflammatory diarrhoea?

A

Cholera, staph aureus, enterotoxigenic diarrhoea, giardia

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9
Q

What is the formal name for travellers diarrhoea?

A

Enterotoxigenic diarrhoea

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10
Q

What is dysentry?

A

Infection of intestines which causes diarrhoea which contains mucus/blood

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11
Q

What are the basic principles of management of gastroenteritis?

A

Fluid intake- PO, ORS, IV
Infection control e.g isolation
Anti-emetics/anti-diarrhoeals (only if severe NOT in dysentry)
Antibiotics if systemically unwell

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12
Q

Bacterial causes of gastroenteritis?

A

Campylobacter jejuni, c.diff, chloera

shigella, salmonella, e.coli

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13
Q

Give an example of a protozoal cause of gastroenteritis?

A

Giardia, cryptosporidium

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14
Q

Commonest cause of meningitis?

A

Viral

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15
Q

2 common causes of bacterial meningitis?

A

Neisseria meningitiddis, strep pneumonia

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16
Q

What clinical feature might make you suspect pneumococcus as the cause of meningitis?

A

Ear ache

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17
Q

Patient has staph aureus bacteraemia, give 4 things you should do.

A

IV flucloxacillin
Repeat blood cultures to check if tx working
Transthoracic echo (heart valves)
MRI spinse (staph loves bones)

18
Q

Patient has staph aureus bacteraemia, you’re about to start them on IV flucloxacillin but notice in the medical records they are penicillin allergic, what antibiotic do you prescribe instead?

A

Vancomycin

19
Q

Patient is HBsAg (+), what has happened?

A

They have active infection of Hep B or they have v.recently had the vaccine (which injects HBsAg)

20
Q

Patient is HBsAb (+), what does this mean?

A

They have been vaccinated or they have been infected previously with HepB

21
Q

How can Hep B be transmitted?

A

Blood, sex, vertical

22
Q

Give an example of a common respiratory condition which is an indicator for a HIV test?

A

Community acquired pneumonia

23
Q

Typical CXR features for TB patient

A

Apeical consolidation
Cavities
Hilar lymphadenopathy

24
Q

Investigations for TB

A

Sputum Microscopy and Culture

CXR

25
Q

What questions would you ask someone to assess their risk of having contracted TB?

A 
Spent time / travelled to high TB incidence country e.g sub-saharan africa, india, south-east asia
Previous history of TB
Had BCG vaccine
Close contact with anyone with TB 
Occupational risk e.g health care worker
PMH of immunosuppression
26
Q

What are the tests for latent TB

A

Mantoux test

QuantiferonTB

27
Q

Rifampicin’s effect on the liver reduces the effectiveness of COCP, what is the implication?

A

Use barrier contraceptives

note that rifampicin doesn’t harm baby if get pregnant

28
Q

Antibiotics and treatment lengths for TB?

A

Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol
All for 2 months
R.I. only for following 4 months

29
Q

Patient on treatment for TB complains of changes to their vision, which medication is causing this?

A

Ethambutol- optic neuritis

E- Eyes

30
Q

Patient on treatment for TB complains of red coloured urine, which medication is causing this?

A

Rifampicin- red urine

R- Red

31
Q

Patient on treatment for TB complains of joint pains, which medication is causing this?

A

Pyrazinamide- arthrlaia / gout

P- Pain

32
Q

A potential side effect of isoniazid treatment in TB is neuropathy, this is caused by a deficiency in which vitamin?

A

Vitamin B6

Hence give vit b6 supplements to prevent this

33
Q

What is meant by incubation period?

A

Time between exposure to infection and presentation of first symptoms

34
Q

What is the incubation period of COVID-19

A

2-14 days

35
Q

What are the inflammatory causes of gastroenteritis

A 
CCESSPIT
Camplyobacter, Clostridium dificile, 
E.Coli 0157,
Salmonella 
Shigella 
(Produce Inflammatory Turds)
36
Q

Mx of giardiasis?

A

Metronidazole

37
Q

How does E.coli cause HUS?

A

E.coli 0157 causes shiga toxin which destroys RBCs

therefore if E.coli suspected avoid abx

38
Q

Which gastroenteritis causing bacteria have the potential to cause HUS?

A

E.coli 0157
Shigella

(cause shiga toxin)

39
Q

Describe bacillus cerus as a cause of gastroenteritis?

A

Caused by inadequately cooked food (classically grows on food not immediately refrigerated)

V within 5 hrs
Diarrhoea after 8hrs
Resolve within 24hrs

40
Q

Which viral cause of gatroenteritis is typically associated with hospital / cruise ship infections?

A

norovirus

41
Q

Which gastroenteritis cause is the commonest cause of infant mortality?

A

Cholera

42
Q

How often does a malaria patient fever spike and why?

A

48hrs,

this is cycle of replication for plasmodium falciparum

Maud- Phase 3b (14 decks)

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