Endocrine Week Flashcards
Patient presents with hirsutism.
Give androgen-dependent and androgen independent differentials for this?
Androgen-dependent= *PCOS, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen-secreting tumours
Androgen-independent= hypothyroidism, anorexia nervosa
What is the deficiency related to congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
21-hydroxylase deficiency
At what BP should we begin HTN management for patients with DM?
> 140/80
130/80 if evidence of end-organ damage
Give 3 secondary causes of increased triglycerides?
Alcoholic liver disease
Hypothyroidism
Failure to control hyperglycaemia
What is the target cholesterol level for patients on statins?
<4mmol/L
True or false, sluphonyluria and metformin can cause weight gain
True
Lactic acidosis is a rare SE of which DM medication?
metformin
How do you calculate serum osmolality?
2(Na + K) + glucose + urea
Give a typical pH and HCO3 level for DKA
pH<7.3
HCO3 < 15mmolL
Acarbose can be used in the mangement of DM, how?
Delays digestion of starch + sucrose by inhibiting alpha glucosidases in intestines
lowers glucose levels
Give an example of a thiazolideniadone?
Proglitazone / Rosiglitazone
Give an example of a sulphonylurea?
Glicazide
What are the features which indicate monogenic diabetes?
What is the treatment?
DM age <25
Strong FHx
Assoic w/HNF 1-alpha (decreased amount of insulin produced)
Tx= sulphonylurea
Which diabetes medication stimulates an increased release of insulin?
Sulphonylureas e.g glicliazide
“sulphs stimulate”
Water deprivation test is used as an investigation for which condition?
DI
Give 2 main causes of hypothyroidism
iodine-deficiency
AI e.g hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Patient presents with polyuria, polydipsia and lethargy… likely diagnosis?
T2DM
Patient presents with tiredness, depression, weight gain, constipation… likely diagnosis?
Hypothyroidism
Patients with diabetes are more vulnerable to opportunistic infections. Candida can cause what presentation in females / males?
Female= pruritis vulvae Male= penile inflammation (balanitis)
What is balanitits?
Inflammation of the glans penis / foreskin
Patient presents with symptoms representing a cushingoid clinical picture. What are the 4 potential causes of their symptoms?
high-dose steroid intake
cushing’s disease (pituitary tumour)
cushing’s syndrome (ectopic ACTH tumour)
adrenal tumour
A high-dose dexamethasone suppression test is used in patients which present with what symptoms?
What differentials does it distinguish between?
Patients with cushingoid symptoms
A high dose of dexamethasone is enough to suppress ACTH in cushing’s disease (pituitary tumour) but not ACTH released in ectopic tumour producing ACTH.