Derm Week Flashcards
ALL CARDS MOVED TO ANKI
What is the commonest type of malignant melanoma? Give the 3 other types
ALL CARDS MOVED TO ANKI
Superficial spreading MM
Nodular
Acral lentiginuous melanoma (black nail)
Lentingo maligna melanoma (lentil bean shaped, on face)
What sun protection advice would you give for MM ptx
Sun cream SPF>30 (UVB protection)
High UVA star rating
Protective clothing (long sleeves, hat, sunglasses)
Avoid sun 11-3pm
Differential diagnoses for black nails?
acral lentiginous melanoma (MM)
trauma and subungual haemorrhage
fungal nail infection
A patient comes in concerned about one of their moles. What is the medical term for a mole? How can you assess the mole? If your findings are normal what advice would you give?
Benign melanocytic naevus
ABCDE for MM
Reassure, self-surveillance ABCDE for MM, sun protection advice
What are the three main types of skin condition caused by dermatophyte infections?
Tinea capis (scalp ringworm) Tine corporis (ringworm) Tinea pedia (athlete's foot)
What is the mangement of ringworm?
Topical or if severe oral terbinafine
Which skin infections do the following viruses cause HPV VZV HSV Pox virus
HPV= genital warts
VZV= chicken pox/shingles
HSV= cold sores/ genital ulcers
Pox virus= molluscum contagiousm
What skin lesion am i? example of cause?
I am raised, fluid-filled, fluid is clear, smaller than 5mm
vesicle e.g HSV
What skin lesion am i?
I am flat and display only colour change
macule e.g freckle
Give 3 examples of skin changes you may observe in a patient with DM?
neuropathic ulcers,
acanthosis nigricans
lipohypertrophy
How is lyme disease transmitted?
tick bites
How is lyme disease treated?
penicillin >2wks
What is the commonest cause of erythema multiforme
idiopathic
others incl. HSV infection, SLE, UC, CA, sarcoidosis, pregnancy
You examine a skin lesion, it is raised, solid and >5mm. What is it? Potential cause?
Nodule e.g wart
You examine a skin lesion, it is raised, fluid-filled, clear fluid, over 5mm. What is it? Potential cause?
Bulla e.g burn blister
You examine a skin lesion, it is raised, a solid flat disc shape. What is it? Potential cause?
plaque
psoriasis
You examine a skin lesion, it is raised, solid, under 5mm, What is it? Potential cause?
papule
mole
You examine a skin lesion, it is eroded. What is it? Potential cause?
ulcer
pressure ulcer
You examine a skin lesion, it is raised, pus-filled. What is it? Potential cause?
pustule e.g acne
What is the difference in evolution of SCC vs BCC
SCC= fast growing e.g <2mo BCC= slow-growing e.g up to 1 year
Give an example of a skin condition which acts in the following distributions? Flexures Extensors Dermatomal Interiginious
Flexures= eczema
Extensors= psoriasis
Dermatomal= shingles
Interiginous (skin folds)= fungal
Give an example of a skin condition which has the following configuration? Linear Annular Discoid Cluster
Linear= Psoriasis (kobner phenomenon- follow skin injury/scars) Annular= ringworm (round) Discoid= discoid eczema Cluster= infections e.g HSV
Give 3 physiological functions of skin?
Barrier/Protection
Thermoregulation
Sensation
What are the layers of the epidermis from in to out?
Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Straum spinosum
Statum basale
A contagious superficial bacterial infection caused by staph aureus describes which condition?
Impetigo
A patient presents with well-defined honey-crusting lesions around their mouth. Diagnosis? Treatment?
Impetigo
Topical fusidic acid, PO fluclox if severe
What is the management of chicken pox?
Self-limiting,
Paracetamol / calmomine lotion
Aciclovir if severe
Re-activation of _____ causes dermatomal skin lesions. This is called____ and is treated with ____
VZV, shingles, aciclovir
What is the pathophysiology of shingles?
Re-activation of varicella zoster virus in posterior root ganglion
What are the SEs of topical corticosteroid use?
Skin thinning (atrophy and striae)
Easy bruising
Telangiectasia
Exacerbating existing skin conditions e.g Acne
Increased susceptibility to skin infection (immunosuppressant)
Allergy
Which common skin condition is made worse by topical corticosteroid?
Acne
Give example of different strengths of corticosteroid creams?
Hydrocortisone = mild Eumovatae= moderate Betnovate= potent Dermovate= very potent
“Hi, you bet derm”
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is allergic contact dermatitis?
Type IV
What is a skin fissure?
linear cleavage of skin e.g anal fissure
Give several differentials for diffuse non-scarring hair loss?
male-pattern balding
hypothyroidism
hypopituitarism
iron-deficiency
Alopecia acreta, fungal infection and secondary syphilis are all differentials for what kind of alopecia?
localised non-scarring
Give several causes of scarring alopecia?
burns, severe infection, lichen planus, SLE
What are the 2 categories of excessive hair growth?
Hirsutism (females): androgen-dependent
Hypertrichosis (males/females): non-androgen dependent
What are the differentials for hirsutism?
*PCOS, androgen-secreting tumour, cushing’s, acromegaly, adrenal hyperplasia
What is hirsutism?
development of male-pattern hair growth on females e.g face, chest, abdomen
Hypertrichosis is a category of non-androgen dependent hair growth. Give 3 systemic disorders which may cause this?
CA, anorexia, malnutrition
