Infectious diseases Flashcards
Where are infectious diseases the leading cause of death?
Sub-saharan Africa
What are the 6 most common infectious diseases causing mortality?
Lower respiratory infections HIV/AIDS Diarrhoeal diseases Tuberculosis Malaria Measles
Changes in mortality and incidence of infectious diseases reflect changes in
Treatment
Exposure
Diagnosis
Screening
Why has incidence increased and mortality from infectious diseases fell
Diagnose more through screening and treat early
Case
Person who has the disease
Incidence
No of new cases of a disease within a specified time interval
Prevalence
frequency of a disease in a population at a point in time
Mortality
No of deaths attributed to a specific condition in a given time period
Morbidity
No of cases of ill health, complications, side effects attributed to a particular condition over a particular time period.
Incidence equation
No. of new cases in given time/ No. disease free at start of given time
Prevalence equation
No. cases in population/ No. people in population
Mortality equation
Deaths from disease in given time/ Population at start of given time
Difference between incidence and prevalence
Incidence measures new cases
Prevalence measures all cases (new and old)
AIDS epidemic controlled by
Broad access to anti-retroviral therapy
Effective HIV prevention methods
Decline in HIV in pregnant women
HIV prevention methods
Safer sex
Injection practices
Condom use
Male circumcision
