Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HOSA > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Pathogens

A

Microorganisms that are capable of causing disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True Pathogen

A

Ingectious agent that causes disease in virtually any susceptible host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Opportunistic Pathogen

A

Potentially infectious agents that rearely cause disease in individuals with healthy immune systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Infection

A

Results when a pathogen invades and begins growing within a host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Disease

A

Results only if as a consequence of the invasion and growth of a pathogen, tissue function is impaired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Infectious disease caused by

A

invasion of host whose activities harm the host’s tissues and can be transmitted to other individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Infectious

A

Easily transmitted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Virulent

A

refers to the ability to cause disease (clinical disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

very contagious

A

easy transmitted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

not very virulent

A

not very likely to cause disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

4 things to cause of disease

A
  1. Enter the body
  2. Adhere to specific host cells
  3. invade and colonize host tissues
  4. Inflict damage on those tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is disease damage often due to?

A

production of toxins or destructive enzymes by the pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nonspecific Mechanisms

A

Body’s primary defense against disease
- anatomical barriers, physiological barriers and normal flora, natural openings, blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

lysozyme

A

bacteria that breaks down bacterial cell walls (in saliva)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

phagocytic

A

kill bacteria and viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Specific Mechanisms

A

immune response that enables the body to target particular pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Specialized white blood cells

18
Q

2 types of lymphocytes

A

T-cells - produced by lymphocytes in the thymus gland
B-cells - Produced by lymphocytes in bone marrow

19
Q

Mall-mediated response

A

involves t-cells. Responsible for directly destroying body cells infected with a virus or activating other immune cells to be more efficient microbe killers

20
Q

antibody-mediated response

A

involves both t-cells and (memory) b-cells
destructiong of invading pathogens and elimination of toxins

21
Q

Macrophage

A

phagocytic cells

22
Q

antigens

A

proteins on the surface of pathogens that elicit an immune response from the pathogen on surface

23
Q

lymphokines

A

signal molecules

24
Q

memory B-cells

A

can recognize antigens so quickly that an agent is not able to grow enough to cause disease

25
Q

vaccination

A

provides ways to artifically create more memory B-cells

26
Q

6 major types of microbes that cause infectious disease

A
  1. bacteria
  2. viruses
  3. fungi
  4. protozoa
  5. helminths
  6. prions
27
Q

Bacteria

A

unicellular, prokartyotic organisms with no organized internal membranous structures (nuclei, mitochondria or lysosomes)
- binary fission
- doubles stranded DNA

28
Q

aerobes

A

require oxygen

29
Q

anaerobes

A

don’t need oxygen or can’t tolerate

30
Q

facultatic anaerobes

A

can grow with or without oxygen

31
Q

Gram negative

A

appear pink

32
Q

Gram positive

A

appear purple

33
Q

Viruses

A

not organisms
- composed of viral genome od nucleic acid that is surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid.

  • many that infect animals surrounded by an outer lipid layer from host cell membrane as they leave the cell
  • can be single stranded (RNA) or double stranded (DNA)
34
Q

budding virus process

A

weakens but doesn’t destroy the cell

35
Q

Rhinoviruses

A

cause most common colds

36
Q

Retroviruses

A

causes AIDS and several types of cancer

37
Q

Fungi

A
  • eukaryotic (has nucleus
  • heterotrphic (eats to live)
  • chitin based cell walls
  • reproduction through spores
38
Q

Protozoa

A
  • unicellular
  • heterotrophic
  • eukaryotes
  • no cell walls
  • capable of rapid and flexible movements
  • acquired throguh conatminated food or water or by the bite of an infected arthropod such as mosquito.
39
Q

Helminths

A
  • simple invertebrate animals
  • multicellular and will have differenticiated tissues
  • difficult to treat
  • drugs that kill helminths are frequently toxic to human cells
40
Q

Helminths - Schistosoma

A

a flat worm that causes the mild disease, swimmer’s itch in the US

41
Q

Helminths - trichinella spiralis

A

trichinosis

42
Q

Prions

A

infectious protein particles that cause degenerative disorders of the central nervous system
- frequently result in brain tissue that is riddled with holes
- infection by eating infected tissue, or tissue transplants

HOSA (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions