Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y3 MedEd > Infectious diseases 1 > Flashcards

Infectious diseases 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the transmission route of HSV-1

A

Respiratory, saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the transmission route of HSV-2

A

Sexual contact, perinatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the transmission route of VZV

A

Respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the transmission route of EBV

A

Saliva - ‘kissing disease’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the transmission route of CMV

A

Congenital, sexual, saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the transmission route of HHV-6

A

Saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the transmission route of HHV-7

A

Saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the transmission route of HHV-8

A

Sexual contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Presentation of HSV-1 (5)

A

Gingivostomatitis, keratoconjuctivits, herpes labialis, Temporal lobe encephalitis, eczema herpeticum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Presentation of HSV-2

A

Genital herpes, Neonatal herpes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Presentation of VZV

A

Chicken pox, shingles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Presentation of EBV

A

Mononucleosis (associated with lymphomas, nasopharyngeal carcinoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Presentation of CMV (5)

A

retinitis, hepatitis, colitis, pneumonia, or encephalitis in the immunocompromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Presentation of HHV6

A

Roseola Infantum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Presentation of HHV7

A

Roseola Infantum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Presentation of HHV8

A

Kaposi sarcoma (Immunocompromised patients)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is infectious mononucleosis associated with

A

lymphomas, nasopharyngeal carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What pathogen causes gingivostomatitis

A

HSV1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What pathogen causes keratoconjunctivitis

A

HSV1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What pathogen causes herpes labialis

A

HSV1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What pathogen causes temporal lobe encephalitis

A

HSV1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What pathogen causes genital herpes

A

HSV2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What pathogen causes neonatal herpes

A

HSV2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What pathogen causes chicken pox

A

VZV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What pathogen causes shingles

A

VZV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What pathogen causes infectious mononucleosis

A

EBV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What pathogen causes roseola infantum

A

HHV6 and HHV7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What pathogen causes Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

HHV8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Symptoms of HSV2

A 
Genital herpes (Chronic-life long) 
 flu-like prodrome
 vesicles/papules around genitals, anus
Shallow ulcers
Urethral discharge
Dysuria 
Fever and malaise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Mx of HSV1

A

Topical, oral or IV acyclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Peak age on chickenpox

A

4-10 years

32
Q

Shingles peak age

A

over 50

33
Q

Presentation of varicella 3, describe the rash 2 and where

A

Prodromal malaise
Mild pyrexia
Generalised pruritic, vesicular rash - face and trunk predominantly

34
Q

Presentation of varicella zoster and time line

A

May occur due to stress
Tingling in a dermatomal distribution on one side of the body
Followed by painful skin lesions.
Recovery in 10–14 days.

35
Q

How long is recovery of varicella zoster

A

10-14 days

36
Q

Mx of varicella in children (3)

A

Treat symptoms
Calamine lotion
Analgesia
Antihistamines

37
Q

Mx of varicella in adults

A

Consider aciclovir, valaciclovir or famciclovir if within 24 h of rash onset

38
Q

Mx of varicella zoster in adults (1st, 2nd line)

A

1st line: Valaciclovir or famciclovir
2nd line: Aciclovir
 if within 72 h of appearance of the rash for 7 days

39
Q

In who is prevention of varicella zoster indicated (2)

A

immunosuppressed

Pregnant women exposed to varicella zoster

40
Q

Presentation of EBV (4)

A

Fever
Hepatosplenomegaly (jaundice)
Pharyngitis (Tonsillar Exudates)
Lymphadenopathy (Posterior Cervical Nodes)

41
Q

Triad of infectious mononucleosis

A

Fever
Lymph adenopathy
Pharyngitis

42
Q

What is the pathophysiology behind EBV infection

A

EB infects epithelium of throat and causes pharyngitis
Virions enter lymph vessels and travel to lymph nodes where they attach to B lymphocytes and infect them.
These actively replicate and produce heterophiles antibody.
Activated T cells kill productive B cells.
Latent infected B cells are lifelong.

43
Q

Ix for mononucleosis (5)

A 
FBC - Lymphocytosis (highest in week 2-3)
Blood film - Atypical lymphocytosis 
Heterophile antibodies - Monospot test
EBV specific antibodies
Real time PCR - EBV DNA detection
44
Q

Mx for mononucleosis (3)

A

Supportive care - Paracetamol or Ibuprofen (anti inflammatory + analgesics)
Corticosteroids may be indicated for severe cases (e.g. haemolytic anaemia, severe tonsillar swelling, obstructive pharyngitis).
Amoxicillin or ampicillin is CONTRAINDICATED due to widespread maculopapular rash

45
Q

Prognosis of mononucleosis

A

Recovery in 3-21 days

46
Q

A 32 year old librarian presents to GP with a history of sharp tingling around his lips followed by a painful ulcer on the side of his mouth. O/E he has cervical lymphadenopathy and a blister on his finger. What is the pathogen and what is on his finger?

A

HSV1 and herpetic whitlow

47
Q

A 6-year old girl presents with a fever of 38.5, fatigue and a itchy, maculopapular rash on her face and trunk. Other children at school present with similar symptoms. How should this patient be managed?

A

Paracetamol with calamine lotion

48
Q

A wild medical student presents with sore throat and tonsillar exudates, posterior cervical lymphadenopathy and his basic observations are 38.9oC, HR is 90bpm and oxygen saturation on air is 99%. On examination there is splenomegaly. His condition is most likely due to which pathogen?

A

EBV

49
Q

A 42-year-old man, previously treated for pneumocystic pneumonia and oral ulcers, presents with a purple, purpural lesion on his nose. Which is the causative organism for this skin lesion?

A

HSV8

50
Q

What is pathogenesis of HIV

A
  1. HIV enters the CD4 lymphocytes following binding of its envelope glycoprotein (gp120) to CD4 and a chemokine receptor.
  2. Reverse transcriptase (in viral core) reads RNA to manufacture DNA
  3. Viral DNA is incorporated into the host genome.
  4. Dissemination of virions leads to cell death
  5. Eventually to T-cell depletion.
51
Q

Ways of HIV transmission

A 
Sex
Pregnancy/childbirth/breast feeding
Injection drug use
Occupational exposure
Blood transfusion or organ transplant
52
Q

4 stages of HIV

A

Flu-like
Feeling fine
Falling count
Final crisis

53
Q

What EBV mediated pathology occurs in HIV patients and organ transplant patient

A

Hairy leukoplakia

54
Q

What are hairy leukoplakia

A

Irregular, white, painless plaques on lateral tongue that cannot be scraped off.
EBV mediated.
Occurs in HIV-positive patients, organ transplant recipients.

55
Q

What does Candida albicans cause

A

Thrush

56
Q

What are risk factors to oral candidiasis and oesophageal thrush

A

Immunocompromisation

57
Q

What are RF of vulvovaginitis

A

Diabetes, use of antibiotics

58
Q

What conditions can candidiasis cause

A 
Oral candidiasis
Oesophageal thrush
Vulvovaginitis
Diaper rash
Infective endocarditis
Disseminated candidiasis
59
Q

Which patients are particularly susceptible to disseminated candidiasis

A

Neutropenic patients

60
Q

S/s of oral candidiasis and oesophageal thrush

A

Dysphagia

61
Q

S/s of Vulvovaginitis/ Balanitis

A

Thick discharge, itching, soreness, redness

62
Q

S/s Disseminated candidiasis (3)

A

Fever, hypotension +/- leucocytosis

63
Q

Ix for candidiasis (5)

A 
Urinalysis (UTI)
Random or fasting blood glucose (Diabetes)
Glucose tolerance test (Diabetes)
HIV antibody test 
Vaginal pH test (to exclude STIs)
64
Q

Systemic candidiasis s/s (3)

A

fever, hypotension +/- leucocytosis

65
Q

Where does candidiasis disseminate to (6)

A

retina, kidney, liver, spleen, bones, CNS

66
Q

Mx of oral candida (2)

A

Miconazole oral gelandNystatin suspension

67
Q

Mx of thrush

A

Clotrimazole

68
Q

HIV associated tumours (3)

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Lymphoma

69
Q

How does Kaposi’s sarcoma present and what causes it

A

may present as a pink or violaceous (purple) patch on the skin or in the mouth.
HHV8

70
Q

Ix for HIV (5)

A

ELISA, confirmed with Western blot
Serum HIV rapid test
Serum HIV DNA PCR - infants
CD4 count – indicates immune status, assists staging process
Serum viral load (HIV RNA) - millions of copies/mL

71
Q

Centor criteria for tonsillitis (4)

A

o Tonsillar exudate
o Tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy or lymphadenitis
o History of fever over 38
o Absence of cough

72
Q

Ix for tonsillitis

A

Rapid streptococcal antigen test

Throat culture

73
Q

Viral causes of tonsillitis (3)

A

rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus

74
Q

Bacterial causes of tonsillitis (3)

A

Group A streptococci
Mycoplasma pneumoniae,
Neisseria gonorrhoea

75
Q

Which organism usually causes an abscess in the skin

A

Staph A

76
Q

What group of patients commonly get perianal (2)

A

IBD and diabetes

77
Q

What are ring-enhancing lesions in a HIV patient suggestive of

A

Toxoplasma Gondii

Y3 MedEd (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions