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Y3 MedEd > Breast > Flashcards

Breast Flashcards

1
Q

Define fibroadenoma

A

Benign neoplasm of a lobule: arising from stroma (fibro) and glandular (adenoma) epithelium

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2
Q

Define breast cysts

A

Fluid filled sacs in the breast

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3
Q

Define duct ectasia

A

Dilatation of milk ducts due to blockage

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4
Q

Age of fibroadenoma

A

20-30s

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5
Q

Age of breast cysts

A

Peri-menopausal women (40–50s)

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6
Q

When do breast cysts hurt

A

Pain associated with the menstrual cycle

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7
Q

Age of duct ectasia

A

Peri/post menopausal women

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8
Q

RF of duct ectasia

A

Smoking

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9
Q

Size of a fibroadenoma

A

1-5cm

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10
Q

Uni or bilateral breast cysts?

A

Can be both

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11
Q

One or multiple lumps in a fibroadenoma

A

Single

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12
Q

One or multiple lumps in breast cysts

A

Single or multiple

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13
Q

What benign condition is a sub areolar mass usually (2)

A

Duct ectasia

Intraductal papilloma

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14
Q

What can cause nipple inversion apart from cancer

A

Duct ectasia

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15
Q

Is duct ectasia painful or painless

A

Painless

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16
Q

Is fibroadenoma painful or painless

A

Painless

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17
Q

Are breast cysts painful or painless

A

Painless but can be painful

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18
Q

What gives thick yellow-green nipple discharge

A

Duct ectasia

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19
Q

Is fibroadenoma mobile or fixed

A

Mobile

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20
Q

Is breast cyst mobile or fixed

A

Mobile

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21
Q

Is duct ectasia mobile or fixed

A

Fixed

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22
Q

Ix for fibroadenoma (3)

A

USS/mammography

Core biopsy

23
Q

Ix for breast cyst (3)

A

USS/mammography

Fine needle aspiration (FNA)

24
Q

Ix for duct ectasia (2)

A

USS/mammography

25
Q

What colour fluid in breast cyst when drained

A

Straw

26
Q

When does fat necrosis occur

A

Normally occurs secondary to trauma

Women of any age

27
Q

Describe lump in fat necrosis (3)

A

Painful, irregular hard lump with overlying bruising/redness of the skin

28
Q

Does fat necrosis hurt

A

YEs

29
Q

Define intraductal papilloma

A

Benign neoplasm growing within ducts of the breast

30
Q

Age of intraductal papilloma

A

Peri-post menopausal women

31
Q

What kind of discharge from an intraductal papilloma

A

Bloody or clear nipple discharge

32
Q

Causes of mastitis

A

inflammation of the breast
Milk stasis/over-production
Can be lactational or non-lactational

33
Q

What causes breast abscess

A

Untreated mastitis, can rarely lead to:

Breast abscess = collection of pus in the breast tissue due to infection

34
Q

Age of mastitis

A

15-45 y/o

Especially those who are breast-feeding

35
Q

RF of mastitis

A

Smoking

36
Q

Most common pathogen in mastitis

A

Staph aureus

37
Q

What does a cracked nipple suggest

A

Mastitis

38
Q

What systemic symptoms can mastitis cause (3)

A

Flu like symptoms: fever, aches,

chills, generally unwell

39
Q

Mastitis Mx

A

If lactational: ENCOURAGE BREAST FEEDING
Analgesia
Abx sometimes required

40
Q

Breast abscess Mx

A 
IV or oral Abx
US guided FNA 
Therapeutic + diagnostic uses
FBC + blood cultures (if systemic infection)
Surgical incision + drainage
41
Q

A 60-year-old woman presents to the GP after noticing some changes in
her right nipple. On examination, the nipple is erythematous and crusty with
some apparent scaliness of the skin.

A

Pagets disease of the breast

42
Q

Most common type of breast cancer?

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

43
Q

3 infiltrative breast cancers

A

infiltrative ductal carcinoma (75%), infiltrative lobular carcinoma,
Paget’s disease of the breast

44
Q

Non-invasive breast cancer?

A

DCIS

45
Q

Which grading system is commonly used in breast cancer

A

Nottingham

46
Q

RF of breast cancer (9)

A 
Age
FHx – 1st degree relative
Obesity
↑ Oestrogen exposure
Early menarche (<11)
Late menopause (>55)
HRT/OCP
EtOH consumption
Fatty diet
Previous radiation to the chest
Nulliparity (not having any children)
Familial breast cancer – 5% of cases
BRCA1/2: harmful BRCA mutation 60-80% lifetime risk of developing Breast Ca
Associations with Ovarian and Pancreatic Ca
47
Q

Ways you can have increased oestrogen exposure (3)

A 
Early menarche (<11)
Late menopause (>55)
HRT/OCP
48
Q

What other cancers is breast cancer associated with (2)

A

Ovarian and pancreatic

49
Q

Who gets a mammogram and who gets an USS

A

> 35yrs: mammogram

<35yrs: USS

50
Q

Where do breast cancers commonly metastasise (3)

A

to liver, lungs and bones

51
Q

What are deep neck lumps likely to be

A

Thyroid

52
Q

What are superficial neck lumps likely to be (4)

A

lipoma, epidermal cyst, dermoid cyst, abscess

53
Q

What are neck lumps that move on swallowing likely to be

A

Thyroid gland

54
Q

What are neck lumps that move on tongue protrusion likely to be

A

Thyroglossal cyst

Y3 MedEd (34 decks)

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