CN and Opthalmology Flashcards
Conditions that affect all CN (7)
Diabetes mellitus MS Tumours Sarcoid Vasculitis Systemic lupus erythematosus Syphilis
Anosmia differentials (5)
Ageing Traumatic Brain Injury Parkinson’s Alzheimer’s Tumour
In which patients is anosmia more likely to be due to a tumour
Young patients
What is supposed to be prodromal of Parkinsons
Change in sense of smell
Which disease is a change in sense of smell meant to be prodromal of
Parkinsons
What suggests loss of vision due to MS (3)
Over a few hours
Painful
Young
What does sudden loss of vision suggest the cause is
An infarct
What are the differentials for loss of visual acuity (7)
Refractive error Ocular Media cataracts diabetes Retina age related macular degeneration diabetic retinopathy Optic neuropathy MS ischaemia
Which reason for loss of visual acuity is often bilateral
Age related macular degeneration
What is pink eye known as
Conjunctival hyperaemia
Bacterial conjunctivitis signs (4)
Unilateral
Thick discharge
Reduced vision
Urethritis/vaginal discharge
Viral conjunctivitis signs (4)
Bilateral
Watery discharge
Normal vision
Signs of viral infection (fever/lymphadenopathy)
Causes of allergic conjunctivitis (3)
pollen
dust
Chemical scents
What type of reaction is allergic conjuctivitis
T1 hypersensitivity IgE mediated
Which Ig is allergic conjunctivitis
IgE
If a patient complains of visual halos what does this suggest
Cataracts
What must you rule out in an acutely red painful eye
Closed angle glaucoma
What sign is seen on opthalmoscopy of glaucoma
Cupping of the optic disc
4 features of open angle glaucoma
Bi/unilateral
Onset
Pain
Associated symptoms
Bilateral
Progressive visual loss
Initially asymptomatic
Mild nonspecific symptoms
7 features of closed angle glaucoma
Bi/unilateral
Onset
Pain
Associated symptoms (4)
Unilateral
Sudden onset
Severely painful
N&V, cloudy cornea, head, dilated pupil
Anterior or posterior uveitis is associated with AI disease
Anterior
Which diseases are associated with and which type of uveitis (6)
Anterior
seronegative spondyloarthropathies, RA, sarcoidosis, SLE, IBD and Bechet’s
Anterior or posterior uveitis is associated with infective disease
Posterior
Infective causes of (and which type of) uveitis (6)
Posterior
CMV, EBC, VZV. Bacteria like syphilis and TB,
Difference between anterior and posterior uveitis (3)
Anterior:
Associated with AI conditions
Painful ocular hyperaemia
Increased lacrimation and photophobia
Posterior:
Infective causes
Painless
Floaters and scotomata
Prechiasmal main causes of loss of visual field (2)
Ischaemia
Inflammation
Chiasmal main causes of loss of visual field (2)
Pituitary tumour
Craniopharyngioma
Which lobe is damaged in neglect syndrome
Contralateral parietal lobe
Which 4 reflexes can you test in the eye
Direct pupillary
Consensual pupillary
Swinging light
Accommodation
Which nerve detects light
Optic
Which nerve/s constrict the pupil
Parasympathetic and oculomotor
Which nerves are responsible for dilatation
Sympathetic
Which diseases have a Marcus Gunn pupil
Optic neuritis
Also optic neuritis MS
Horners differentials (3)
Carotid artery dissection
Pancoast tumour
Brainstem stroke/tumour