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Y3 MedEd > AI Diseases > Flashcards

AI Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Define sarcoidosis

A

Multisystem granulomatous inflammatory disorder characterised by the presence of non-caseating granulomas

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2
Q

Epidemiology of sarcoidosis (age and area)

A

Afro-Caribbeans and Scandinavians

Usually > 50 years

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3
Q

General s/s of sarcoidosis (3)

A

fever, malaise, weight loss

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4
Q

Pulmonary s/s of sarcoidosis (2)

A

SOB, dry cough

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5
Q

Muscular s/s of sarcoidosis (1)

A

arthralgia

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6
Q

Eyes s/s of sarcoidosis (2)

A

uveitis, keratoconjunctivitis

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7
Q

Skin s/s of sarcoidosis (2)

A

lupus pernio, erythema nodosum

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8
Q

Cardio s/s of sarcoidosis (2)

A

arrhythmia, heart failure

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9
Q

Which are the main and most common symptoms of sarcoidosis

A

Pulmonary SOB and dry cough

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10
Q

Ix for sarcoidosis (3)

A

Bloods
CXR
Biopsy

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11
Q

What do you see in the bloods of sarcoidosis (3)

A

High calcium
High ACE
High ESR

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12
Q

What do you see in the CXR of sarcoidosis (2)

A

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

Pulmonary infiltration/fibrosis

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13
Q

What do you see in the biopsy of sarcoidosis

A

Non-caseating granuloma

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14
Q

Epidemiology of SLE (age, sex, race)

A

Young
Afro-Caribbean
Female

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15
Q

Symptoms of SLE (think of the acronym 11)

A 
Serositis - pleurisy, pericarditis
Oral ulcers
Arthritis
Photosensitivity
Bloods (low counts of everything)
Renal (proteinuria, casts)
ANA
Immunological (anti-dsDNA)
Neurological (psychosis, seizures)
Malar rash
Discoid rash
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16
Q

Which auto-antibodies are raised in SLE (3)

A

Anti-dsDNA
ANA
Anti-cardiolipin

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17
Q

What do you seen the urine of SLE

A

casts, proteinuria, haematuria

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18
Q

What are forms of serositis seen in SLE (2)

A

Pleurisy, pericarditis

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19
Q

What is seen in the urine of SLE

A

Casts, proteinuria, haematuria

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20
Q

Ix for SLE (4 and what do you see in the results)

A 
Bloods: high ESR, U&E, FBC
Autoantibodies
Anti-dsDNA
ANA 
Anti-cardiolipin
Urine: casts, proteinuria, haematuria
CXR
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21
Q

What is the main complication of SLE

A

Anti-phospholipid syndrome

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22
Q

What triad is anti-phospholipid

A

Thromboembolism
Recurrent miscarriage
Thrombocytopaenia

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23
Q

What antibody is seen in anti-phospholipid syndrome

A

anti-cardiolipin

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24
Q

What are the two types of systemic sclerosis

A

Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis

Limited Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis (CREST Syndrome)

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25
Q

What is systemic sclerosis also known as

A

Scleroderma

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26
Q

Define systemic sclerosis

A

rare connective tissue disease characterised by widespread blood vessel damage and fibrosis in skin and internal organs

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27
Q

What happens in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (7)

A 
Skin changes involving the trunk
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Tendon friction 
Early lung disease
Heart, GI and renal disease
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28
Q

What happens in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (5)

A 
(CREST Syndrome)
Calcinosis
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Eosophageal dysmotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasia
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29
Q

Which type of systemic sclerosis has a mnemonic to hell it

A

Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis

CREST

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30
Q

Which disease is anti-centromere AB involved in

A

Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis

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31
Q

Which disease is anti-topoisomerase II AB involved in

A

Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis

32
Q

Which antibody is involved in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis

A

anti-topoisomerase II

33
Q

Which antibody is involved in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis

A

anti-centromere AB

34
Q

What are the large 1, medium 1 and small cell vasculitis 3’

A

Large-vessel vasculitis
Giant cell arteritis (and Polymyalgia Rheumatica)

Medium-vessel vasculitis
Polyarteritis nodosa

Small-vessel vasculitis
Behcet’s disease
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s)
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss)

35
Q

What is GCA associated with

A

Polymyalgia rheumatica

36
Q

What is polymyalgia rheumatica associated with

A

shoulder/pelvic girdle pain associated with GCA

37
Q

Symptoms of GCA (5)

A 
Unilateral headache
Jaw claudication
Scalp tenderness 
Loss of vision 
Systemic upset (fever, malaise, weight loss)
38
Q

Treatment of GCA

A

HIGH DOSE ORAL PREDNISOLONE

Do NOT delay treatment unnecessarily

39
Q

Ix for GCA

A

Check ESR

Temporal artery biopsy

40
Q

Define GCA

A

an inflammatory condition of unknown cause, characterised by severe bilateral pain and morning stiffness of the shoulder, neck and pelvic girdle. There is NO weakness.

41
Q

Signs and symptoms of PMR (4)

A

Chronic
Bilateral shoulder or pelvic pain
Morning stiffness
NO weakness

42
Q

Ix of PMR

A

ESR/CRP - raised

43
Q

Mx of PMR

A

Oral steroids

44
Q

What is Takayasu’s aortitis

A

a large vessel vasculitis that affects the aorta and its branches. q

45
Q

What is the typical demographic of Takayasu’s aortitis

A

Typically affects Middle-aged women of Asian descent

46
Q

What is Myalgic Encephalomyelitis also known as

A

Chronic fatigue syndrome

47
Q

What is chronic fatigue syndrome also known as

A

Myalgic encephalomyelitis

48
Q

Takayasu’s Aortitis tends to present with… (4)

A

constitutional upset, absent/weak upper/lower limb pulses and claudication

49
Q

What does Rosary sign appear in and what imaging modality

A

Polyarteritis nodosa and CT angiogram

50
Q

What is polyarteritis nodosa associated with

A

Hepatitis B

51
Q

Symptoms of polyarteritis nodosa

A 
Constitutional upset
Skin rash
Abdominal pain
Rectal bleeding
Peripheral neuropathy
Renal failure 
Hypertension
52
Q

Definition of polyarteritis nodosa

A

a rare type of vasculitis that affects medium-sized vessels.

53
Q

What triad is seen in granulomatosis with polyangitis

A

Upper respiratory tract (rhinitis, nose bleeds)
Lower respiratory tract (haemoptysis)
Kidneys (glomerulonephritis)

54
Q

What is Wegener’s disease also known as

A

Granulomatosis with polyangitis

55
Q

What triad is seen in Wegener’s disease

A

Upper respiratory tract (rhinitis, nose bleeds)
Lower respiratory tract (haemoptysis)
Kidneys (glomerulonephritis)

56
Q

What big sign suggests Wegener;’s granulomatosis

A

Saddle nose

57
Q

Ix for Wegener’s granulomatosis (2)

A

cANCA

CXR - cavitating lesions

58
Q

Three phases of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis

A

Allergic – asthma/rhinitis
Eosinophilic – high eosinophils can cause tissue damage (mainly in the lungs and GIT)
Vasculitic – can lead to widespread organ damage and death

59
Q

Features of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis (4)

A

haemoptysis, rash, focal neuropathy, kidney damage

60
Q

Which antibody is Wegener’s associated with

A

Cytoplasmic ANCA

61
Q

Which antibody is Churg-Strauss associated with

A

Perinuclear ANCA

62
Q

Which disease is pANCA associated with

A

Churg strauss syndrome

63
Q

What is Churg Strauss syndrome also known as

A

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis

64
Q

What is eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis also known as

A

Churg Strauss syndrome

65
Q

What is Behcets disease associated with

A

HLA-B51

66
Q

Triad seen in Behcets disease

A

Recurrent oral ulcers
Genital ulcers
Uveitis

67
Q

S/s of Behcet’s disease (7)

A

Recurrent oral ulcers
Genital ulcers
Uveitis

also
Rash (e.g. erythema nodosum)
Arthritis 
Pericarditis 
Colitis
68
Q

Ix for Behcets disease

A

Clinical diagnosis

Pathergy test – needle prick becomes inflamed and sterile pustule develops within 48 hrs

69
Q

Triad in Goodpasture’s syndrome

A

Glomerulonephritis
Haemoptysis (pulmonary haemorrhage)
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

70
Q

Triad in Heinloch Schonlein Purpura

A

Purpuric rash on buttocks and extensors of lower limbs
Abdominal pain
Arthralgia

71
Q

Demographic of Henoch Schonlein Purpura

A

Affects 3-15 yr old children

72
Q

Which Ig is involved in Henoch Schonlein purpura

A

IgA vasculitis

73
Q

Which anti-body is involved in good pasture’s syndrome

A

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

74
Q

Which antibody is involved in dermatomyositis

A

Anti-Mi2

75
Q

What is the difference between polymyositis and dermatomyositis

A

Dermatomyositis involves the skin usually of the hands and eyelids

76
Q

Which antibody is usually raised in both types of scleroderma

A

ANA

77
Q

What is scleroderma usually associated with

A

Sjogrens syndrome

Y3 MedEd (34 decks)

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