infectious disease part 2+3 Flashcards
overview of streptococci
- gram positive cocci
- treated with penicillin
- no resistance issues
overview of staphylococci
- gram-positive cocci
- treated with flucloxacillin
- resistance major issue e.g. MRSA
organism behind scarlet fever
group A step
clinical presentation scarlet fever
- malaise
- fever
- pharyngitis
- rash
- squamation of hands and feet
- strawberry tongue
treatment of group A strep
penicillin 10 days
examples of skin infections caused by staph aureus
- impetigo
- cellulitis
- infected eczema
- ulceration
- staph scalded skin syndrome
- toxic shock syndrome
presentation SSSS
- fever
- widespread redness
- fluid-filled blisters
- rupture easily, especially at skin folds
presentation TSS
- systemically unwell
- widespread redness
- desquamation
- multi-organ involvement
- can be rapidly fatal
what is Kawasaki disease
self limited vasculitis of medium-sized arteries
presentation Kawasaki disease
fever for 5 days plus:
- bilateral conjunctival injection
- cracked lips
- strawberry tongue
- cervical lymphadenopathy
- polymorphous rash
- change @ extremities
management of Kawasaki disease
- immunoglobulins
- aspirin
- steroids
- other immunosuppressive agents
- cardiology assessment
what causes petechial and purpuric rash
- rubella
- cytomegalovirus
- enterovirus
causes vesiculobullous rash
chicken pox
Herpes simplex
enterovirus
causes erythematous maculopapulous rash
- measles
- rubella
- enterovirus
- cytomegalovirus
- human herpes virus 6+7
- parovirus B19
- EBV
clinical presentation chicken pox
- mild malaise and fever
- generally not unwell
- itchy
- papules-> vesicles -> pustules -> crustae -> scarring
management of chicken pox
normally leave alone
if immunosuppressed or severely unwell, aciclovir
warning signs for severe varicella zoster virus
- high fever
- new lesions > day 10
- inflamed lesions
- general malaise
presentation herpes simplex virus
- stomatitis
- recurrent cold sores
management HSV1
- self limiting
- aciclovir
management HSV infection in neonates
need aciclovir
clinical presentation hand foot and mouth disease
- exanthema
- painful lesions
- recovery 5-10 years
physical barriers to infection
- skin
- mucous membranes
- mechanical defences
- chemical defences
- microbiome
describe primary immunodeficiencies
missing or improper function of body’s immune system, usually caused by single genetic defects
describe secondary immunodeficiencies
acquired diseases or effects of treatment affecting immune system
components of immune system all present and functional
history components for suspected immunodeficiency
- characteristics, frequency and severity of infections
- particular organisms
- site/ organs
- age of onset
- FH
- other systemic features
immunodeficiency warning signs
Serious Persistent Unusual Recurrent FH
immunodeficiency investigations
- FBC
- immunoglobulins
- HIV test
- functional antibodies
- lymphocyte subsets
- NBT
- complement
presentation of defective B-cell function (IgG, IgA etc.)
recurrent bacterial infections e.g. LRTIs
presentation impaired/ absent T-cell function
unusual or opportunistic infections or recurrent/ severe viral infections or failure to thrive
presentation of defects in phagocyte function
presents with sepsis, abscess, and fungal infections
should HIV positive mothers breast feed
advised not to
