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Paediatrics > infectious disease part 2+3 > Flashcards

infectious disease part 2+3 Flashcards

1
Q

overview of streptococci

A
  • gram positive cocci
  • treated with penicillin
  • no resistance issues
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2
Q

overview of staphylococci

A
  • gram-positive cocci
  • treated with flucloxacillin
  • resistance major issue e.g. MRSA
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3
Q

organism behind scarlet fever

A

group A step

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4
Q

clinical presentation scarlet fever

A
  • malaise
  • fever
  • pharyngitis
  • rash
  • squamation of hands and feet
  • strawberry tongue
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5
Q

treatment of group A strep

A

penicillin 10 days

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6
Q

examples of skin infections caused by staph aureus

A
  • impetigo
  • cellulitis
  • infected eczema
  • ulceration
  • staph scalded skin syndrome
  • toxic shock syndrome
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7
Q

presentation SSSS

A
  • fever
  • widespread redness
  • fluid-filled blisters
  • rupture easily, especially at skin folds
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8
Q

presentation TSS

A
  • systemically unwell
  • widespread redness
  • desquamation
  • multi-organ involvement
  • can be rapidly fatal
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9
Q

what is Kawasaki disease

A

self limited vasculitis of medium-sized arteries

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10
Q

presentation Kawasaki disease

A

fever for 5 days plus:

  • bilateral conjunctival injection
  • cracked lips
  • strawberry tongue
  • cervical lymphadenopathy
  • polymorphous rash
  • change @ extremities
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11
Q

management of Kawasaki disease

A
  • immunoglobulins
  • aspirin
  • steroids
  • other immunosuppressive agents
  • cardiology assessment
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12
Q

what causes petechial and purpuric rash

A
  • rubella
  • cytomegalovirus
  • enterovirus
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13
Q

causes vesiculobullous rash

A

chicken pox
Herpes simplex
enterovirus

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14
Q

causes erythematous maculopapulous rash

A
  • measles
  • rubella
  • enterovirus
  • cytomegalovirus
  • human herpes virus 6+7
  • parovirus B19
  • EBV
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15
Q

clinical presentation chicken pox

A
  • mild malaise and fever
  • generally not unwell
  • itchy
  • papules-> vesicles -> pustules -> crustae -> scarring
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16
Q

management of chicken pox

A

normally leave alone

if immunosuppressed or severely unwell, aciclovir

17
Q

warning signs for severe varicella zoster virus

A
  • high fever
  • new lesions > day 10
  • inflamed lesions
  • general malaise
18
Q

presentation herpes simplex virus

A
  • stomatitis

- recurrent cold sores

19
Q

management HSV1

A
  • self limiting

- aciclovir

20
Q

management HSV infection in neonates

A

need aciclovir

21
Q

clinical presentation hand foot and mouth disease

A
  • exanthema
  • painful lesions
  • recovery 5-10 years
22
Q

physical barriers to infection

A
  • skin
  • mucous membranes
  • mechanical defences
  • chemical defences
  • microbiome
23
Q

describe primary immunodeficiencies

A

missing or improper function of body’s immune system, usually caused by single genetic defects

24
Q

describe secondary immunodeficiencies

A

acquired diseases or effects of treatment affecting immune system
components of immune system all present and functional

25
Q

history components for suspected immunodeficiency

A
  • characteristics, frequency and severity of infections
  • particular organisms
  • site/ organs
  • age of onset
  • FH
  • other systemic features
26
Q

immunodeficiency warning signs

A 
Serious
Persistent
Unusual
Recurrent
FH
27
Q

immunodeficiency investigations

A
  • FBC
  • immunoglobulins
  • HIV test
  • functional antibodies
  • lymphocyte subsets
  • NBT
  • complement
28
Q

presentation of defective B-cell function (IgG, IgA etc.)

A

recurrent bacterial infections e.g. LRTIs

29
Q

presentation impaired/ absent T-cell function

A 
unusual or opportunistic infections
or
recurrent/ severe viral infections
or
failure to thrive
30
Q

presentation of defects in phagocyte function

A

presents with sepsis, abscess, and fungal infections

31
Q

should HIV positive mothers breast feed

A

advised not to

Paediatrics (23 decks)

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