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Paediatrics > dermatology > Flashcards

dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

define eczema (dermatitis)

A

itchy, dry, inflammatory skin condition

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2
Q

what happens in atopic eczema

A

genetic barrier dysfunction

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3
Q

atopic march

A

tendancy to 3 commonly linked conditions; eczema, asthma and hayfever

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4
Q

atopy

A

overactive immune response to environmental stimuli

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5
Q

distribution of eczema in infancy

A

typically starts on the face/ neck, can spread more generally

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6
Q

distribution of eczema in older children

A

flexural pattern predominated (antecubital fosse, popliteal fosse, wrists, hands, ankles)

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7
Q

describe the loss of barrier function in atopic eczema

A
  • loss of water
  • irritants may penetrate
  • allergens may penetrate
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8
Q

what are childhood eczema flares associated with

A
  • infections/ viral illness
  • central heating/ cold air
  • pets
  • teething
  • stress
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9
Q

where does seborrheoic dermatitis usually affect

A

scalp and face

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10
Q

management of seborrheoic dermatitis

A

emollients
antifungal creams
anti fungal shampoos
mild topical steroids

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11
Q

presentation discoid eczema

A

scattered annular/ circular patches itchy eczema

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12
Q

describe pomphylx eczema

A
  • hand and foot eczema
  • characterised by vesicles
  • can be intensely itchy
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13
Q

cause of irritant eczema

A

repeated contact with irritant (repeated contact/ water and soaps/ touching irritant foods/ chemical irritants)

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14
Q

eczema treatments

A
  • emollients
  • topical steroids
  • calcineurin inhibitors
  • UVB light therapy
  • immunosuppressive medication
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15
Q

example of mild corticosteroid

A

hydrocortisone

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16
Q

example moderate corticosteroid

A

eumovate

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17
Q

example potent corticosteroid

A

betnovate

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18
Q

example very potent corticosteroid

A

dermovate

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19
Q

how to use topical steroids

A
  • once daily for 1-2 weeks
  • if improvement then use alternate days for longer
  • if stubborn use twice weekly in these areas
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20
Q

unit for steroid cream

A

finger tip

21
Q

presentation impetigo

A
  • superficial bacterial skin infection

- pustules and honey coloured crust erosions

22
Q

management of impetigo

A

topical antibiotic - fucidin

oral antibiotic. - flucloxacillin

23
Q

describe molluscum contagiosum

A
  • common benign self limiting infection
  • molluscipox virus
  • transmission to close direct contacts
  • pearly papule, umbilrbated centre
  • can take up to 24 months to clear
24
Q

management molluscum contagiosum

A

5% potassium hydroxide

25
Q

describe viral warts

A
  • often skin coloured
  • common non-cancerous growths of skin caused by HPV infection
  • transmitted via skin contact
26
Q

management viral warts

A
  • salicylic acid and paring

- cryotherapy

27
Q

define viral exanthems

A

ruptive skin rash that is often related to a viral infection

28
Q

conditions that result in viral exanthems

A
  • chicken pox
  • measles
  • rubella
  • roseola
  • erythema infectiosum
29
Q

virus responsible for chicken pox

A

varicella-zoster

30
Q

presentation chick pox

A
  • red papules progressing to vesicles often starting on trunk
  • itchy
  • associated viral symptoms
31
Q

when is chicken pox contagious

A

from 1-2 days before rash appears until lesions have crusted

32
Q

presentation parvovirus (slapped cheek)

A
  • erythematous rash cheeks initially then lace like network rash over trunk and limbs
  • usually self-limiting
  • virus targets red cells in bone marrow
33
Q

rare complications parvovirus

A
  • aplastic crisis

- risk to pregnant women (spontaneous miscarriage/ intrauterine death)

34
Q

virus causing hand foot and mouth disease

A

coxsackie virus A16

35
Q

presentation hand foot and mouth disease

A

blisters on the ….

brace yourself….

this is a shocker are you ready….

HANDS FEET and MOUTH

also viral symptoms

36
Q

management hand foot and mouth

A

treatment supportive

37
Q

presentation of eczema herpeticum

A
  • unwell child
  • eczema history
  • monomorphic punched out lesions
38
Q

management of eczema herpeticum

A
  • withheld steroids for 24hrs
  • aciclovir oral or IV
  • ophthalmology review if near eye
39
Q

presentation of orofacial granulomatosis

A
  • lip swelling and fissuring
  • oral mucosal lesions
  • ulcers and tags
  • cobblestone appearance
40
Q

clinical features erythema nodosum

A
  • painful, erythematous subcutaneous nodules
  • normally over shins
  • slow resolution, like bruise
41
Q

causes erythema nodosum

A
  • infections (step, URTI)
  • IBD
  • sarcoidosis
  • drugs (OCP, penicillin)
  • mycobacterial infections
  • idiopathic
42
Q

define dermatitis herpetiformis

A

rare but persistent immunobullous disease that has been linked to coeliac disease

43
Q

clinical presentation dermatitis herpetiformis

A
  • itchy blisters that can appear as clusters
  • often symmetry
  • scalp, shoulders, buttocks, elbows, knees
44
Q

management of suspected dermatitis herpetiformis

A
  • coeliac screening

- skin biopsy

45
Q

management dermatitis herpetiformis

A
  • gluten free diet
  • emollients
  • topical steroids
  • dapsone
46
Q

presentation urticaria

A
  • wheals/ hives
  • associated angioedema (10%)
  • areas of rash can last few minutes –> 24 hours
47
Q

define acute urticaria

A

<6weeks

48
Q

causes urticaria

A
  • viral/ bacterial infection
  • food/ drug allergy
  • NSAIDs
  • opiates
  • vaccinations
49
Q

treatment urticaria

A
  • treat cause

- antihistamines

Paediatrics (23 decks)

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