A Childs Journey Flashcards
define neonate
<4weeks
define infant
<12 months
define toddler
1-2 years
when should a child be walking by
18 months
adverse antenatal environmental factors
- infections e.g. rubella
- toxins e.g. smoking, alcohol, anti-epileptics
adverse postnatal environmental factors
- infection (meningitis, encephalitis)
- toxins (mercury, lead)
- trauma (head injury)
- malnutrition (iron, folate, vit D)
- metabolic (hypoglycaemia, hyper/hyponatraemia)
- maltreatment
- understimulation
- domestic violence
- maternal mental health issues
assessors of development
- parents and wider family
- health visitors
- nursery
- teachers
- GP
- A&E
- students
- paediatricians
red development flags
- loss of skills
- concern re vision
- hearing loss
- persistent low muscle tone/ floppiness
- no speech by 18 months
- asymmetry of movements
- increased muscle tone
- not walking 18 months
- persistent toe walking
how to assess in real life
- observe normal play and activity
- try and guess the age of each child
- think about each developmental domain
- use learning guides/ tables/ images
how is child progress recorded in Scotland
red book
what is involved in child health programme
- new-born exam and blood spot screening
- new-born hearing screening (by day 28)
- health visitor first visit
- 6-8week review
- 27-30 month review
- orthoptist vision screening (4-5y)
whats involved in 6-8week child review
- GP and health visitor
- feeding method
- parental concerns
- development (motor/ hearing. vision/ awareness)
- measurements (weight, length)
- examination (heart, hips, testes, genitalia, femoral pulses, red reflexes)
- sleeping position (supine/ prone/ side)
what is involve in 27-30 month review
- identification (name, address, GP)
- social, behavioural, attention and emotional development
- communication, speech and language
- gross and fine motor
- vision and hearing
- height and weight
- diagnoses/ other issues
purpose of immunisation
- highly effective public health measure
- reduction and eradication of diseases
- all children
- chronological age
- no live vaccines except MMR if child is immunocompromised
features of immunisation history taking
- different schedules in different countries
- older children might not have been immunised against the current list
- check red book
- check for reactions
OFC
head circumference
describe failure to thrive
children growing too slowly in form and usually in function for their age
significantly low rate of weight gain
supply
maternal causes of failure to thrive
- poor lactation
- incorrectly prepared feeds
- unusual milk or other feeds
- inadequate care
infant causes of failure to thrive
- prematurity
- small for dates
- oro-palatal abnormalities
- neuromuscular disease
- genetic disorders
extrapolate on metabolic demands that could result in failure to thrive in early life
- congenital lung disease
- heart disease
- liver
- renal
- infection
- anaemia
- inborn errors of metabolism
- CF
- thyroid disease
- Crohns/ IBD
- malignancy
extrapolate on potential causes of excessive nutrient loss resulting in failure to thrive in early life
- gastro-oesophageal reflux
- pyloric stenosis
- gastroenteritis
- malabsorption (food allergy, coeliac, persistent diarrhoea, pancreatic insufficiency, short bowel syndrome)
non-medical causes of failure to thrive
- poverty/ socioeconomic status
- dysfunctional family interactions
- difficult parent-child interactions
- lack of parental support
- lack of preparation for parenting/ education
- child neglect
- emotional deprivation
- poor feeding or feeding skills
management of failure to thrive
trial of feeding in hospital:
- observe feeding
- observe mothers handling
- dietician
- developmental assessment
