Children with Special Needs Flashcards
what is global developmental delay (GDD)
performance below 2SD below mean of age-appropriate, norm-referenced testing
learning disability
significant impairment in intellectual functioning that affects a persons ability to learn and problem solve in their daily life
primary care assessment tools for learning disabilities
- ASQ
- PEDS
- M-CHAT
- SOGS-2
information wanted from history for learning disability
- family history
- history of miscarriage
- prenatal/ perinatal/ neonatal course
- drugs and alcohol use in pregnancy
- developmental, behavioural, social, educational history
- record of medications
- results of previous metabolic/ thyroid testing
- neuroimaging
- lead and iron screening
- growth records
- vision and hearing surveillance
- high index of suspicion for abuse and neglect
examination for learning disability
- head circumference
- dysmorphic features
- skin abnormalities
- movement quality
- ability to sit and stand from supine
- eye movements and eye examination
- general, cardio and resp exams
- observation of behaviour
red flag signs in children
- loss of developmental skills
- concerns re vision
- concerns re hearing
- floppiness
- no speech by 18-24 months
- asymmetry of movements
- persistent toe walking
- head circumference >99.6th/ <0.4th
when should a child be able to sit unsupported by?
12 months
when should a boy be able to walk?
18 months
when should a girl be able to walk?
2 years
when should a child be able to run
2.5 years
when should a child be able to hold objects in their hands
5 months
when should a child be able to reach for objects
6 months
when should a child point to objects to share interest
2 years
genetic testing investigations for learning disability
- chromosomal analysis
- fragile X
- FISH
- array CGH
investigations for learning disability
- genetic testing
- creatinine kinase
- thyroid screening
- metabolic testing
- neuroimaging
- opthalmological
- audiology
- consider congenital infection
