Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Lowry Boards Prep > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Microbial screening for cardiothoracic or orthopedic surgery to prevent surgical site infection. If positive, Management?

A

nasal swab for Staph aureus.

Preoperative mupirocin ointment, and/ or chlorhexidine body wash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

indication for postoperative antibiotics

A

peri-operative active infection treatment (not prophylaxis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

indications for perioperative vancomycin instead of cefazolin

A

known MRSA or severe beta-lactam allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

definition: robust immune response resulting from treatment of HIV that may “unmask” a pre-existing infection

A

Dx: immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Definition: Empiric treatment for tuberculosis

A

Tx: rifamycin drug, isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

indication for prednisone for IRIS

A

hemodynamic instability, pericardial or CNS involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Clues for coccidiomycosis

A

lives in an endemic area, increased exposure to outdoors, immunocompromised, peripheral eosinophilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

treatment for coccidial mycosis

A

fluconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sarcoidosis clues

A

black, 20s to 30s, female, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, diffuse parenchymal lung changes, indolent course

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tuberculosis (primary) clues

A

mid to lower zone unilateral infiltrates, unilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, pleural effusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

strep pneumo pneumonia clues

A

SOB, fever, productive cough, interstitial infiltrates, lobar consolidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Guideline-based recommendations for empiric therapy of community-acquired pneumonia requiring ICU admission

A

Cover: 1. Strep pna, GNB, H flu – cephalosporin or unasyn 2. legionella macrolie or quinolone
extra:
third-generation cephalosporin or ampicillin-sulbactam to treat Streptococcus pneumoniae, gram-negative bacilli, or Haemophilus influenzae plus an agent active against Legionella, such as a macrolide or quinolone.
ex. ceftriaxone, levofloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

fever of unknown origin, Initial studies

A

complete blood count with differential, complete metabolic profile with kidney and liver studies, at least three blood culture sets and cultures of other bodily fluids (such as urine or from other sources based on clinical suspicion), an erythrocyte sedimentation rate, tuberculosis testing, and serology for HIV; it is reasonable to perform chest imaging (radiography or CT) as initial diagnostic imaging.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

bone marrow biopsy, indications in setting of fever

A

abnormal CBC, evidence of processes known to involve bone marrow such as TB, histoplasmosis, malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

liver biopsy, indications

A

abnormal LFTs with abnormality on imaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

lumbar puncture, indications

A

focal deficits, concerning imaging of head/brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

aspergillosis, risk factors

A

neutropenia and stem cell and solid organ transplantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

aspergillosis, signs/symptoms

A

fever, cough, chest pain, hemoptysis, imaging findings including: pulmonary infiltrates, nodules, wedge-shaped densities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Aspergillosis, diagnosis

A

bronchoscopy with biopsy and bronchioalveolar lavage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Leptospiral meningitis, clues. definitive diagnosis

A

uveitis, rash, conjunctival suffusion, sepsis, lymphadenopathy, kidney injury, hepatosplenomegaly. CSF culture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

C difficile infection, SEVERE

A

Dx: C diff infection plus:
WBC ≥15 or creatinine >1.5
Tx: Oral vanc or fidaxomicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

C difficile infection, FULMINANT

A

Dx: Severe C diff infection complicated by:
Ileus, hypotension, shock, or toxic megacolon.
Tx:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

C difficile infection, NON-SEVERE

A

Dx: C diff infection plus:
WBC <15 or creatinine <1.5
Tx: Oral vanc or fidaxomicin or oral metronidazole (initial episode only)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

C difficile infection, Clues

A

fever, diarrhea, recent antibiotics, health care exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Post-Lyme disease syndrome, Dx, Tx

A

Dx: history of recent Lyme disease diagnosis or endemic area and erythema migrans
Tx: Symptom management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Nonspecific flu-like illness with fever, in Northeast and upper Midwest, blood transfusion in the previous six months, hemolytic anemia

A

Babesiosis, clues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Babesiosis, non-severe

A

Dx: organisms on smear, detection by PCR, IgG ab titers (4x increase)
Tx: oral Azithromycin plus oral atovaquone
or
clinda plus quinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Babesiosis, severe

A

Dx: parasitemia ≥4%, complications, relapsing disease
Tx: IV Azithromycin plus oral atovaquone
or
IV clinda plus oral quinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Lyme disease, Late-stage

A

clues: history of untreated Lyme
Dx: inflammatory arthritis in large joints or vague or indolent neuro findings
Tx: initially, 28 days Doxycycline oral or amoxicillin,
if persists, repeat course or IV CTX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Lyme disease, early

A

Dx: Days to weeks after exposure in Northeast and upper Midwest, erythema migrans
Tx: oral abx doxycycline or amoxicillin or cefuroxime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Persistent fatigue, headache, myalgia, and arthralgia. history of recent treatment for Lyme disease, exposure in Northeast and/or Upper Midwest

A

Post-Lyme disease syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Chronic, nonhealing ulcer on foot of 3 months from abrasian in sauna, does not respond several courses of antibiotics.

A

Mycobacterium fortuitum infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Mycobacterium fortuitum infection, Dx, Tx

A

Dx: Bx w/ studies for bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungi
Tx:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

most common manifestation and cause of NTM infection

A

Pulmonary disease and Mycobacterium avium complex

35
Q

Most common cause of NTM lymphadenitis

A

Mycobacterium avium complex

36
Q

Fever, night sweats, weight loss, and gastrointestinal symptoms in patient with HIV who have CD4 cell counts less than 50/μL and are not receiving prophylaxis.

A

Disseminated MAC, clues

37
Q

Mimics tuberculosis, with cough, fever, weight loss, and cavitary lung disease in patient with COPD, cancer, HIV, alcohol abuse, and drug-associated immunosuppression.

A

Mycobacterium kansasii, clues

38
Q

Chronic skin lesions that fail to respond to treatment of common skin conditions or when sensory loss is observed within lesions or in extremities. Causative organism.

A

Leprosy. Mycobacterium leprae.

39
Q

Lower abdominal pain with vaginal discharge, vaginal bleeding after intercourse, intrauterine device. uterine and cervical motion tenderness.

A

PID, non-severe clues

40
Q

PID, indications and Tx for hospitalization

A

Indications: unstable clinically, abscess, intolerant of oral meds, nonadherence
Tx: Cefoxitin/Cefotetan plus doxycycline or Clinda plus Gent

41
Q

PID, outpatient

A

Empiric Intramuscular ceftriaxone and oral doxycycline

42
Q

Indications for screening/treating asymptomatic bacteruria

A

Pregnancy and medical clearance before an invasive urologic procedure

43
Q

Needlestick puncture on patient with HIV infection and is taking antiretrovirals, but the recent viral load is unknown: Tx

A

Tenofovir, emtricitabine, and either dolutegravir or raltegravir for 4 weeks. HIV testing immediately, in 4-6 weeks, and again 3 months.
?Same if low/undetectable viral load?

44
Q

Fever and flank pain following 2 days of dysuria

A

Dx: Acute, complicated UTI with pyelonephritis
Tx: fluoroquinolones (esp. cipro and levo), if pregnant post-Tx UA/UCx

45
Q

Pyelonephritis in pregnant patients, patients with uncontrolled diabetes, kidney transplants, urinary anatomical abnormalities, acute or chronic kidney failure

A

Dx: Complicated pyelonephritis
Tx: Inpatient IV carbipenem for critical illness or risk for gram negative MDR, otherwise CTX, zosyn, cipro, or levo

46
Q

Intermittent fatty and foul smelling diarrhea with associated abdominal cramping, burping, and bloating. Dx. Tx in 1. healthy pt, 2. patient with selective IgA deficiency. 3. or with chronic symptoms

A

Dx: Giardia Lamblia infection
Tx: 1. observe, 2/3. 1st line Tinidazole or nitazoxanide

47
Q

Management of exposure to Zika virus in pregnant pt.

A

Zika virus IgM antibodies

48
Q

Asymptomatic or present with acute febrile illness associated with frontal headache, retro-orbital pain, myalgia, and arthralgia, with or without purpura, melena, or conjunctival injection. Gastrointestinal or respiratory symptoms may predominate. Severe lumbosacral pain is characteristic (“breakbone fever”). As the fever abates, a macular or scarlatiniform rash, which spares the palms and soles and evolves into areas of petechiae on extensor surfaces, may develop.

A

Dx: Dengue Fever
Tx: ???
if pregnant, serial ultrasonography every 3 to 4 weeks

49
Q

Dengue prevention management.

A

Mosquito control and vaccine for individuals with history of previous dengue virus infection.

50
Q

Geriatric pt presents with ear pain, a vesicular rash in the external ear (although the rash may be absent), and ipsilateral peripheral facial palsy.

A

Ramsay Hunt syndrome, clues

51
Q

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome: Dx, Tx.

A

Dx: Clinical diagnosis of VZV reactivation with ear pain/rash and ipsilateral facial palsy.
Tx: valacyclovir (1 g three times per day for 7 to 10 days) and prednisone (1 mg/kg for five days, without a taper)

52
Q

Relatively mild pulmonary infection coupled with exposure to livestock

A

Q fever pneumonia, Coxiella burnetii infection, clues

53
Q

In endemic areas (Central and South America, sub-Saharan Africa, Central and Southwestern Asia, and Southern and Eastern Europe), pulmonary infection in patient that owns goats and cattle.

A

Anthrax infection, clues

54
Q

abrupt onset of fever, severe headache, and dry cough in bird owners or breeders and poultry farmers.

A

psittacosis, clues

55
Q

nonproductive cough, dyspnea, and substernal or pleuritic chest pain. infiltrates, hilar lymphadenopathy, and pleural effusion. Pts: Hunters, skinners/dressers of rabbits or other wild game.

A

Tularemia, clues

56
Q

Sudden high fever, pleuritic chest pain, a productive cough, and hemoptysis. Pt: Rat breeder/collector.

A

Pneumonic plague, Yersinia pestis infection, clues

57
Q

CLABSIs

A

If lines –> Abx and remove lines

If prosthetics –> longer course of abx

58
Q

Indications for removal of vascular catheters

A

Endocarditis, metastatic infection, hemodynamic instability, suppurative thrombophlebitis, or persistent bacteremia is evident.

59
Q

CAUTI prevention strategies

A

when not voiding: use u/s to assess bladder volume first, try straight cath or condom cath, remove catheters early.

60
Q

Patient with infected cat bite wound. Pathogens? Abx?

A

anaerobic and aerobic organisms, including streptococci, staphylococci, and Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, and Pasteurella species
piperacillin-tazobactam, ampicillin-sulbactam, imipenem, and meropenem

61
Q

Antibiotics with anaerobic coverage.

A

???

62
Q

Antibiotics with aerobic coverage.

A

???

63
Q

Patient in/from mid-Atlantic, southern, and southeastern United States with nonfocal febrile illness associated with leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated hepatic enzyme levels, and a rapid response to a tetracycline.

A

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME), clues

64
Q

Tetracycline abx:

A

Doxycycline

65
Q

Human monocytic erlichiosis (HME): Dx, Tx.

A

Dx: Serologies (Seroconversion at 2-4 weeks), buffy-coat staining (to find morulae) or polymerase chain reaction of whole blood

66
Q

Patient in/from mid-Atlantic, southern, and southeastern United States with nonfocal febrile illness associated with leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated hepatic enzyme levels, and the key clue: a rapid response to a tetracycline.

A

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME), clues

67
Q

Pt with suspected human monocytic ehrlichiosis with no improvement within 48 hours of starting doxycycline the.rapy.

A

Heartland Virus, clues

68
Q

Patient with outdoor exposure in/from mid-Atlantic, southern, and southeastern United States with nonfocal febrile illness associated with leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated hepatic enzyme levels, and the key clue: a rapid response to a tetracycline.

A

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME), clues

69
Q

Tetracycline abx:

A

Chlortetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, oxytetracycline, and tetracycline

70
Q

Human monocytic erlichiosis (HME): Dx, Tx.

A

Dx: Serologies (Seroconversion at 2-4 weeks), buffy-coat staining (to find morulae) or polymerase chain reaction of whole blood
Tx: Tetracyclines

71
Q

Pt with suspected human monocytic ehrlichiosis with no improvement within 48 hours of starting doxycycline therapy.

A

Heartland Virus, clues

72
Q

Heartland Virus: Dx, Tx.

A

Dx: Clinically, no response to tetracyclines
Tx: Supportive care

73
Q

Patient with outdoor exposure in/from mid-Atlantic, southern, and southeastern United States with nonfocal febrile illness associated with rash, thrombocytopenia, elevated hepatic enzyme levels, and a rapid response to a tetracycline.

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever, clues

74
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Dx, Tx.

A

Dx: clinical
Tx: Tetracycline

75
Q

Worsening mental status, new fever, or stiff neck in a patient who recently underwent surgery

A

Health-care associated ventriculitis or meningitis (HCAVM), clues

76
Q

CSF findings most concerning for infection

A

Lactate > 4, elevated procalcitonin

77
Q

Health-care associated ventriculitis or meningitis: Dx, Tx.

A

Dx: infected CSF in pt with AMS, fever, stiff neck, or recent intracranial surgery
Tx: Abx with MRSA and pseudomonas coverage and device removal

78
Q

Gram stain reveals many polymorphonuclear cells and abundant gram-negative coccobacilli demonstrating bipolar staining.

A

Pneumonic plague (Yersenia pestis), clues

79
Q

Pneumonic plague (Yersenia pestis): Dx, Tx.

A

Dx: hemorrhagic lymphadenitis, gram negative coccobacilli
Tx: Streptomycin, gentamicin, tetracyclines

80
Q

Disseminated histoplasmosis: Dx, Tx.

A

Dx: urinary antigen for histoplasmosis (95% specificity), blood cultures, or a biopsy of the oral lesions
Tx: liposomal amphotericin B then itraconazole for months

81
Q

Hypotensive, diaphoretic, oral ulcerations, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia. Patient from Ohio River Valley, immunosuppressed, works in an old barn with bats

A

Histoplasmosis (disseminated), clues

82
Q

Histoplasmosis (disseminated): Dx, Tx.

A

Dx: urinary antigen for histoplasmosis (95% specificity), biopsy, blood cultures

83
Q

Recurrent painful oral and genital ulcerations, hypopyon, pathergy, CNS (headaches, stroke, and behavioral changes), GI (IBD like)

A

Behcet Syndrome (vasculitis), clues

84
Q

Behcet Syndrome: Dx, Tx.

A

Dx: Oral lesions plus 2 of 4: eye inflammation, genital ulcers, pathergy, skin lesions
Tx: mild –> Low-dose prednisone or colchicine
severe –> high-dose prednisone and immunomodulating agents

Lowry Boards Prep (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions