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Pathology Finals > Infectious Disease 2.1 Part 4 > Flashcards

Infectious Disease 2.1 Part 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Clostridium perfringens virulence factors

Most

A

Collagenase

Hyaluronidase

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2
Q

Clostridium perfringens virulence factors

Myonecrosis

A

Phospholipase C

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3
Q

Clostridium perfringens virulence factors

Nerve sheath damage

A

Sphingomyelinase

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4
Q

Botulinum toxin that cleave synaptobrevin

A

A sub unit

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5
Q

Clostridium tetani

Block release of GABA that leads to spastic paralysis

A

Tetanospamin

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6
Q

Clostridium difficile,

Stimulate Chemokine production that attract leukocytes

A

Toxin A: Entertoxin

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7
Q

Difficile toxin B

A

Cytotoxin

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8
Q

Amount of tissue necrosis disproportionate to number of neutrophils
With granulation tissue at borders

A

Cellulitis

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9
Q

Swelling of the affected region and the overlying skin, forming large bullous vesicles that rupture.

A

Gas gangrene

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10
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Mydriasis

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11
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Risks sardonicus

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12
Q

Chlamydia infectious form

A

Elementary body, but inactive

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13
Q

Chlamydia metabolically active

A

Reticulate body

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14
Q

Chlamydia

Urogenital inf and inclusion conj

A

Serotypes D-K

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15
Q

Chlamydia

LGV

A

L1-l3

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16
Q

Chlamydia

Trachoma

A

A-C

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17
Q

Most common sexually transmitted bacteria disease in the world

A

Non gonococcal urethritis

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18
Q

Small papule on genital mucosa or nearby skin.
2-6 weeks
Swollen tender LN

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

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19
Q

Fungal infection

Common and limited to the very superficial or keratinized layers of skin, hair, and nails

A

Superficial and cutaneous my sods

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20
Q

Fungal infection

Involve the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and lymphatics and rarely disseminate systemically

A

Subcutaneous my oases

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21
Q

Fungal infection

Caused by Dimorphic fungi, healthy individuals

A

Endemic my oases

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22
Q

Most frequent cause of human fungal infections

A

Candida albicans

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23
Q

Candida albicans increase risk

A

Diabetic and burn patients

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24
Q

Candida albicans

Sever disseminated inf

A

Neutropenic patients

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25
Q

Candida albicans
Virulence

Bind to fibrinogen, fibronectin, and laminin

A

Integrin like protein

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26
Q

Candida albicans
Virulence
Bind to epithelial cells

A

Transglutaminase substrate like proteins

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27
Q

Candida albicans
Virulence

Bind to endothelial cells or fibronectin

A

Agglutinins

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28
Q

Candida albicans
Enzymes

Degrade ECM

A

Aspartyl proteinases

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29
Q

Candida albicans
Enzymes

Resist oxidative killing by phagocytic cells

A

Catalases

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30
Q

Candida albicans
Enzymes

Block neutrophil oxygen radical production and dengranulation

A

Adenosine

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31
Q

Candida albicans

Hallmark

A

Oral thrush

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32
Q

Common in aids patients and those with hematolymphoid malignancies.
White plaques and pseudo membranes resembling oral thrush on esophageal mucosa

A

Candida esophagitis

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33
Q

Diabetic, pregnant. Intake of OCP
Intense itching
Thick crud like discharge

A

Candida vaginitis

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34
Q

Cutaneous candidiasis

Infection of the nail proper

A

Onychomycosis

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35
Q

Cutaneous candidiasis

Moist, interriginous skin such as armpits or webs of fingers and toes

A

Intertrigo

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36
Q

Cutaneous candidiasis

Penile skin

A

Balanitis

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37
Q

Cutaneous candidiasis

Perineum of infants, in region of wet diapers

A

Diaper rash

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38
Q

Encapsulated yeast

Menigoencephalitis in healthy individuals

A

Cryptococcosis neoformans

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39
Q

Cryptococcosis neoformans

Opportunistic in people with

A 
AIDS
Leukemia
Lymphoma
SLE
Sarcoidosis
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40
Q

Cryptococcosis neoformans

Virulence factors

A

Polysaccharide capsule
Melanin production
Enzymes

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41
Q

Cryptococcosis neoformans
Virulence

Glucoronoxylomannin

A

Polysaccharide capsule

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42
Q

Cryptococcosis neoformans
Virulence

Melanin like pigment

A

Laccase

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43
Q

Cryptococcosis neoformans

Primary site of infection

A

Lungs

44
Q

Cryptococcosis neoformans

Major lesions in the CNS

A

Soap bubble lesions

45
Q

Aspergillosis

Infection in healthy people

A

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

46
Q

Aspergillosis

Immunocompromised individuals

A

Sinusitis
Pneumonia
Invasive disease

47
Q

Aspergillosis

Major predisposing conditions

A

Neutropenia and corticosteroids

48
Q

Aspergillosis
Virulence

Bind to fibrinogen, laminin

A

Adhesins

49
Q

Aspergillosis
Virulence

Melanin pigment, mannitol, catalase

A

Antioxidants

50
Q

Aspergillosis
Virulence

Phospholipases, proteases and toxin

A

Enzymes

51
Q

Aspergillosis
Virulence

Inhibit host cell protein synthesis by degrading mRNAs

A

Restrictocin

Mitogillin

52
Q

Aspergillosis
Virulence

Liver cancer, degrade p 53

A

Aflatoxin

53
Q

Aspergillosis
Virulence

Hypersensitivity reaction

A

Spores

54
Q

Aspergillosis
Morphology

Colonizing aspergillosis

A

Aspergilloma

55
Q

Aspergilloma

A

Fungal balls

Recurrent hemoptysis

56
Q

Aspergillosis

Often referred to as target lesions

A

Invasive aspergillosis

57
Q

Zygomycosis (mucocormycosis)

Major predisposing factor

A 
Neutropenia
Corticosteroid
Diabetes mellitus
Iron overload
Breakdown of cutaneous barrier
58
Q

Zygomycosis (mucocormycosis)

MOT

A

Air borne sexual spores

59
Q

Zygomycosis (mucocormycosis)

Primary site of invasion

A

Nasal sinuses
Lungs
GIT

60
Q

Zygomycosis (mucocormycosis)

Morphology

A

Rhinocerebral

Diabetics
Nasal sinuses to orbit of brain
Penetration of tissues and cranial vaults

61
Q

Malaria

Vector

A

Anopheles mosquito

62
Q

Malaria

Infectious stage

A

Sporozoites

63
Q

Malaria

Released from hepatocytes then infect RBC

A

Merozoites

64
Q

Malaria

Latent in hepatocytes cause relapse (vivax and ovale)

A

Hypnozoites

65
Q

Malaria
Life cycle

Bind to hepatocyte receptor for

A

Thrombospondin and properdin

66
Q

Malaria
Life cycle

Rapid multiplication within liver cells, rupture of hepatocytes, release of

A

Merozoites

67
Q

Malaria
Life cycle

Merozoites bind to ____________ on surface of RBC via a parasite lectin-like molecule.

A

Sialic acid residue

68
Q

Malaria
Stages of parasite in red cells

Single chromatin mass

A

Trophozoite

69
Q

Malaria
Stages of parasite in red cells

Multiple chromatin masses

A

Schizont

70
Q

Malaria
Stages of parasite in red cells

Infect additional red cells on lysis of infected red cell

A

Merozoite

71
Q

Malaria
Stages of parasite in red cells

Some parasites develop into sexual forms

A

Gametocytes

Infective stage to mosquito

72
Q

Malaria

Vivax
Ovale
Malariae

A

Low levels of parasitemia
Mild anemia
Splenic rupture and nephrotic synd, in rare cases

73
Q

Malaria

Falciparum

A

High levels of parasitemia
Severe anemia
Cerebral symptoms , renal failure, pulm edema and death

74
Q

Malaria
Plasmodium

All forms with hepatosplenomegaly as red blood cells are sequestered by fixed

A

Mononuclear phagocytes

75
Q

Malaria

Repeated or prolonged exposure to plasmodium species stimulates an immune response

A

Reduced severity of the illness caused by malaria

76
Q

Malaria

Initial infection of falciparum

A

Congestion and enlargement of spleen

77
Q

Falciparum basis of diagnosis

A

Parasites present within red cells

78
Q

Falciparum chronic infection

A

Spleen fibrotic and brittle with thick capsule and fibrous trabeculae

79
Q

Falciparum

Progressive infection

A

Liver enlarged and pigmented

80
Q

Strongyloidiasis

MOT

A

Skin penetration

81
Q

Strongyloidiasis

Prone

A

Immunocompromised and prolonged corticosteroid therapy

82
Q

Strongyloidiasis

Smallest of the intestinal nematodes

A

S. Stercoralis

83
Q

Strongyloidiasis

Buried in the crypts of the duodenum or jejunum but produce no visible alterations

A

Adult females

84
Q

Strongyloidiasis

Micro: coiled females, along with eggs and developing larvae, within the mucosa ,

A

Usually with no associated inflammation

85
Q

Tapeworm (cestodes) cysticercosis and Hydatid disease

Teania saginata sources

A

Beef

86
Q

Tapeworm (cestodes) cysticercosis and Hydatid disease

Teania solium

A

Pork

Human feces

87
Q

Tapeworm (cestodes) cysticercosis and Hydatid disease

Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Fish

88
Q

Tapeworm (cestodes) cysticercosis and Hydatid disease

Echinococcus granulosus

A

Dog feces

89
Q

Teania solium

Infective stage
Undercooked pork

A

Larva (cysticercus cellulosae)

90
Q

Teania solium

Pathogenic stage
Undercooked pork

A

Adult

Taeniasis

91
Q

Teania solium
Food or water contaminated with ova

Infective stage

A

Ova

92
Q

Teania solium
Food or water contaminated with ova

Pathogenic stage

A

Larva

Cysticercosis

93
Q

Teania saginata

Infective stage

A

Larva cystecercus

94
Q

Teania saginata

Pathogenic stage

A

Taeniasis adult

95
Q

Teania saginata

Does not produce

A

Cysticercosis

96
Q

Echinoccous granulosus

Humans are

A

Accidental intermediate hosts

True intermediate host are rodents

97
Q

Trichinosis

Trichinella spiralis MOT

A

Ingestion of larvae in undercooked meat from infected animals like pigs

98
Q

Most important helminths disease of humans

Damage the liver, intestine and urinary bladder

A

Schistosomiasis

99
Q

Schistosomiasis

Intermediate host

A

Freshwater snails

100
Q

Schistosomiasis

MOT

A

Skin penetration by fork tailed cercariae

101
Q

Schistosomiasis

Distal colon and liver

A

S. Mansoni

102
Q

Schistosomiasis

Veins serving the rectum, bladder, and pelvic organs

A

S. Haematobium

103
Q

Schistosomiasis

Small bowel, ascending colon, and liver

A

S, japonicum

104
Q

Lymphatic filariasis

A

Wuchereria bancrofti and

Brugia species

105
Q

Filariasis MOT

A

Bite of vector (anopheles, culex, mansonia)

106
Q

Clostridium perfringens virulence factors

Lysis

A

Enterotoxin

Pathology Finals (7 decks)

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