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Pathology Finals > Infectious Disease 2.1 Part 3 > Flashcards

Infectious Disease 2.1 Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Tuberculin test

T cell mediated immunity to mycobacterial antigens
Previous exposure

A

Positive test

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2
Q

Tuberculin test

Seen in immunocompromised patients or with overwhelming infections
There is no activation of T cells

A

False- Negative

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3
Q

Tuberculin test

If there is previous vaccination with BCG, means that there is already an infection

A

False positive

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4
Q

Mycobacterium TB and Bovis

Entry of the bacteria and ingestion by the macrophages in the lungs

A

0-3 weeks

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5
Q

Mycobacterium TB and Bovis

Activation of cell mediated immunity granted that the patients is immunicompetent

A

3 rd week

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6
Q

Mycobacterium TB and Bovis

Develops in a previously unexposed or un sensitized person (first time exposure)
Organism is exogenous
Affects lower part of upper lobe or upper part of lower lobe

A

Primary tuberculosis

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7
Q

Mycobacterium TB and Bovis

Granulomas in the lung parenchyma and hilar lymph nodes

A

Ghon complex

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8
Q

Mycobacterium TB and Bovis

Fibrosis and calcification of the granulomas

A

Ranke complex

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9
Q

Mycobacterium TB and Bovis

Primary TB may lead to progressive primary TB that resembles acute bacterial pneumonia and result to

A

TB meningitis or miliary TB

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10
Q

Mycobacterium TB and Bovis

Secondary tuberculosis involves in the

A

Apex of the lungs

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11
Q

Mycobacterium TB and Bovis

Secondary TB

A

Previous sensitized host
Appears many years ago
Asymptomatic or remittent
Caseation necrosis

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12
Q

Mycobacterium TB and Bovis

Elderly or immuno compression

A

Progressive pulmonary TB

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13
Q

Mycobacterium TB and Bovis

Multiple seed like lesions

A

Miliary pulmonary disease

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14
Q

Mycobacterium TB and Bovis

Isolated TB

A 
Meningitis
Renal TB
Addison's disease
Osteomyelitis
Potts disease
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15
Q

Mycobacterium TB and Bovis

Scrofula

A

Lymphadenitis

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16
Q

Tuberculosis in HIV patient

Patient given

A

Antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

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17
Q

Tuberculosis in HIV patient

Atypical features

A

False negative PPD
No granuloma
Lung cavitation
False negative sputum smears

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18
Q

Tuberculosis in HIV patient

Diagnosis

Gold standard

A

Culture

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19
Q

Tuberculosis in HIV patient

Prognosis

A

Good if localized to the lungs

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20
Q

Common in aids patient

A

Mycobacterium Adium- intracellular complex

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21
Q

Mycobacterium Adium- intracellular complex

Hallmarks

A

Abundant acid fast bacillus with macrophages

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22
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

A

Leprosy or Hansen’s disease

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23
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

MOT

A

Inhalation

24
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

Cell mediated immunity is reflected by hypersensitivity reaction to dermal injections of

A

Lepromin

25
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

Tuberculoid leprosy

A

Dry
Elevated
Lack of sensations

26
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

Tuberculoid leprosy

Involvement of large peripheral nerves

A

Asymmetric

27
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

Tuberculoid leprosy

Small number of bacilli observed

A

Paucibacillary

28
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

Lepromatous Leprosy

A

Anergic
Symmetric
Weak TH1 response

29
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

Lepromatous Leprosy

A

Multibacillary

30
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

Lepromatous Leprosy

Lesions contain large aggregates of lipid laden macrophages

A

Leprae cells

Globi of acid fast bacteria

31
Q

Spirochetes

A

Gram negative
Corkscrew-shaped bacteria
Outer sheath

32
Q

Spirochetes

Causes syphillis

A

Treponema pallidum

33
Q

Spirochetes

Treponema pallidum

Hard chancre

A

Primary syphillis

34
Q

Spirochetes

Treponema pallidum

Condyloma lata

A

Secondary syphilis

35
Q

Spirochetes

Treponema pallidum

After a latent period of 5yeRs or more

A

Tertiary

36
Q

Spirochetes

Treponema pallidum

3 main manifestations of tertiary syphillis

A

Cardio
Neuro
Benign tertiary syphillis

37
Q

Spirochetes

Treponema pallidum

Progressive dilatation of the aortic root and arch

A

Cardiovascular syphillis

38
Q

Spirochetes

Treponema pallidum

General paresis

A

Neuro syphillis

39
Q

Spirochetes

Treponema pallidum

Gumma

A

Benign tertiary syphillis

40
Q

Spirochetes

Treponema pallidum

Fibrosis or scarring in the liver

A

Heparlobatum

41
Q

Late manifestations of late congenital syphillis

A

Intestinal keratitis
Hutchinson teeth
8th nerve deafness

42
Q

Spirochetes

Treponema pallidum

Diagnosis

A

Serological testing

43
Q

Spirochetes

Treponema pallidum

Non specific but sensitive tests
Measures cardiolipin

A

Non treponemal antibody test

44
Q

Non treponemal antibody test detected by

A

ROR

VDRL

45
Q

Spirochetes

Treponema pallidum

Screening test

A

Always negative in 2 syphilis
Usually negative in 3 syphillis
Always negative once the patient is already treated

46
Q

Spirochetes

Treponema pallidum

Fluorescent treponemal Ab absorption test
Microhemagglutionation assay

A

Treponemal antibody test

Confirmatory test

47
Q

Spirochetes

Treponema pallidum

Background is dark and the organism is illuminated

A

Dark field test

48
Q

Spirochetes

Treponema pallidum

Massive relates of endotoxin

A

Tansch Herxleimer Reaction

49
Q

Borrelia recurrentis

A

Relapsing fever

50
Q

Borrelia recurrentis

A

Epidemic relapsing fever

51
Q

Borrelia recurrentis

From ornithodorus ticks

A

Endemic relapsing fever

52
Q

Lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

53
Q

Lyme disease transmittedby

A

Ixodes deer ticks

54
Q

Stages of lyme disease

A

Stage 1 - acute illness (erythema chronicum)
Stage 2 - dissemination ( meningitis with. CN involvement)
Stage 3 - late chronic ( severe joint damage )

55
Q

M. Tuberculosis had hypersensitivity type 4 can be detected by

A

Tuberculin skin test or mantoux PPD

Pathology Finals (7 decks)

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