Infectious Disease Flashcards
Common pathogens
- viruses exp influenza
- bacteria exp strep throat
- fungi exp tines
- parasites exp malaria
Viruses
- 200 virus species can infect humans
- can infect many areas in the body, skin, reproductive tract, respiratory, gastrointestinal and NS
- vaccination for prevention; containing killed or inactive viruses
-treatment; goes away on its own sometimes antivirals; oral, topical, injections, antiretroviral
Bacterial infection
- less than 100 species can infect humans
- can infect any area of the body
- vaccination; tetanus and turbuculosis
- treatment usually goes away on its own
Antibiotics targeted to specific bacteria type and location of infection; oral, topical and injections
Fungi infections
- yeast, mold and mushrooms
- few hundred species can infect humans
- no licensed vaccines available
- can live on skin, nails, lungs and organs
- anti fungals; topicals, oral, injections
three main types of parasites cause disease in humans
- Protozoa, giardia single cell organism
- Helminths, roundworms, larger multicellular organisms
- ## Ectoparasites, lice, mites and ticks
Parasites infection and treatment
- vaccines for domestic animals
- WHO approved the first malaria vaccine in October 2021
- treatment; anti parasitics ; oral, topical and injections
Routes of transmission direct contact example
- sick person to non sick person
Routes of transmission indirect contact example
- sick person to object, object to non sick person
Route of transmission droplet example
- sick person needed gets on non sick person
Routes of transmission airborne example
- sick person breaths and tiny droplets get on non sick person sick
Routes of transmission vehicle example
- drinking something, touching something that contains pathogens
Routes of transmission vector borne example
- mosquitos, carrying disease
Bloodborne route of transmission example
- sharing needles
Mother to child route of transmission
- breast feeding
Symptoms of infections
- fever
- diarrhea
- fatigue
- muscle aches
- coughing
Diagnosis and treatment of infections
- clinical findings
- lab tests
- Blood tests, urine tests, throat swabs, stool samples, lumbar puncture
- imaging; X-ray, mri and ct
- biobsy
- most infectious diseases will resolve on their own, rest, fluids and pain control
- antivirals, antibiotics, antifungals and antiparasites also utilized
When to see a doctor
- animal bite
- cough for more than a week
- breathing problems
- severe headache with fever
- rash or swelling
- prolonged or unexplained fever
- Sudden vision problems
Rio 2016 olympic summer games
47% respiratory illnesses
21% gastrointestinal illnesses
Women suffered 40% more illnesses than men
Sochi Olympic Games
64% of illnesses were respiratory
11% gastrointestinal
Women suffered 50% more illnesses then men
2009 FINA world aquatic championship
- 50% respiratory illness
- 20% gastrointestinal ]
- women suffered 30% more illnesses
True or false women get more upper respiratory infections men get more serious lower respiratory infections
True
Risk of infection decreases with…
Moderate PA
Relationship between exercise and immune function is described as
J shaped curve
Excessive exercise may impair
Immune function and depressive effect lasts up to 24 hrs after exercise