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kin 372 > Doping In Sport > Flashcards

Doping In Sport Flashcards

1
Q

What is the motto of the International Olympic Committee?

A

Citius, Altius, Fortius (Faster, Higher, Stronger)

Proposed by Pierre de Coubertin in 1894.

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2
Q

What does the ‘Goldman Dilemma’ survey indicate about athletes’ willingness to use banned substances?

A

195 out of 198 athletes would take a banned substance if it guaranteed a win and they wouldn’t be caught

Over 50% would take a drug that ensured victory for five years at the cost of their life.

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3
Q

What notable event did Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson’s doping case lead to?

A

The Dubin Inquiry (1990)

Resulted in 70 recommendations including improved testing and stricter sanctions.

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4
Q

What is the current name of the Canadian Anti-Doping Organization, originally launched in 1991?

A

Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport (CCES)

It merged with Fair Play Canada in 1992.

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5
Q

What prompted the creation of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)?

A

Police seizures of prohibited substances from professional cycling teams at the 1988 Tour de France

WADA’s head office moved to Montreal in 2001.

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the WADA Code?

A

To harmonize anti-doping policies, rules, and regulations worldwide

The Code was created in 2004 and has been revised multiple times.

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7
Q

What are the eight mandatory International Standards established by WADA?

A
  • Code Compliance by Signatories
  • Education
  • Prohibited List
  • Therapeutic Use Exemptions (TUEs)
  • Testing and Investigations
  • Laboratories
  • Results Management
  • Protection of Privacy and Personal Information

Adherence to these standards is mandatory for compliance with the WADA Code.

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8
Q

What constitutes a WADA anti-doping violation?

A

Presence of a prohibited substance, use of a prohibited substance, evading sample collection, whereabouts failures, tampering, possession, trafficking, administration, complicity, prohibited association

These violations can lead to severe penalties for athletes.

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9
Q

What are the criteria for a substance to be included on the WADA Prohibited List?

A
  • Potential to enhance sport performance
  • Health risk to the athlete
  • Violates the spirit of sport

A substance can also be included if it masks the use of a prohibited substance.

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10
Q

What substances are prohibited at all times according to WADA?

A
  • S0 Non-approved Substances
  • S1 Anabolic Agents
  • S2 Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances and Mimetics
  • S3 Beta-2 Agonists
  • S4 Hormone and Metabolic Modulators
  • S5 Diuretics and Other Masking Agents
  • M1 Enhancement of Oxygen Transfer
  • M2 Pharmacological, chemical and physical manipulation
  • M3 Gene Doping

These substances can lead to disqualification and sanctions.

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the Athlete Biological Passport?

A

Indirect detection of doping by serial measurement of biomarkers

This method focuses on changes in biological markers over time rather than direct detection of substances.

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12
Q

Who gets tested for doping?

A
  • National and international competitors
  • Athletes in higher doping risk sports
  • University-level athletes

Testing can occur within 18 months of an athlete’s retirement.

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13
Q

What is considered a whereabouts failure?

A

Three missed tests and/or filing failures in a 12-month period

This can result in a doping rule violation.

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14
Q

What types of samples are tested for doping?

A
  • Urine
  • Venous blood
  • Athlete Biological Passport

The Athlete Biological Passport is reviewed by an expert.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: The World Anti-Doping Agency was created in response to the _______ at the 1988 Tour de France.

A

Police seizure of prohibited substances

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16
Q

True or False: Glucocorticosteroids are prohibited if administered topically.

A

False

Topical administration is not prohibited; injections and oral administration are.

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17
Q

What is the washout period for oral administration of glucocorticoids?

A

3 days for all glucocorticoids except triamcinolone acetonide, which has a 30-day washout period.

18
Q

What constitutes a whereabouts failure?

A

A whereabouts report (filing failure) or if a doping control officer can’t find the athlete during a 60-minute time slot (missed test)

Three whereabouts strikes/failures in a 12-month period may result in a doping rule violation.

19
Q

What types of samples are tested for doping?

A
  • Urine
  • Venous blood
  • Athlete Biological Passport

The Athlete Biological Passport is an indirect detection method using serial measurement of biomarkers.

20
Q

What are the three modules of the Athlete Biological Passport?

A
  • Hematological (detects blood doping)
  • Steroidal (detects anabolic doping)
  • Endocrinological (detects growth factor doping)

Each module is reviewed by an expert in the field.

21
Q

What are Therapeutic Use Exemptions (TUEs)?

A

Authorization for athletes to use prohibited medications due to medical conditions

Examples include insulin for Type 1 diabetes and diuretics for high blood pressure.

22
Q

Who must complete a TUE application?

A

The physician prescribing the prohibited medication(s)

TUE applications should be pre-approved but retroactive applications can be accepted in emergencies.

23
Q

What happens if an ‘A’ sample tests positive?

A
  • Internal review for TUE
  • NSO and athlete notified of an AAF
  • Athlete may request B sample analysis
  • Positive test made public
  • Athlete may admit to violation and waive hearing
  • Doping tribunal hearing may be held
  • Possible appeal
  • Sanction may be imposed

AAF stands for Adverse Analytical Finding.

24
Q

What does a sanction refer to in anti-doping?

A

A period of ineligibility to participate in sport

This includes participation in any role, competition, or level of sport.

25
Q

What are the possible lengths of sanctions for a first violation for presence, use, or possession?

A

Either two or four years

The length can depend on various factors.

26
Q

What is the sanction for a second anti-doping violation based on?

A

The previous and current type of anti-doping violation

A third violation results in a lifetime ban except in certain circumstances.

27
Q

What factors are considered when determining the length of a sanction?

A
  • Intentional conduct
  • Substantial assistance
  • Early admission of violation
  • Specified substance or contaminated product
  • Prohibited substance detected
  • Athlete proving no fault or no significant fault

These factors vary depending on the context of the violation.

28
Q

What are some possible consequences of an anti-doping rule violation?

A
  • Disqualification of individual results
  • Forfeiture of medals, points, prizes
  • Loss of privileges at a college or university
  • Financial sanctions
  • Public disclosure through media release

These consequences can impact the athlete’s career and reputation significantly.

29
Q

What is inadvertent doping?

A

The unintentional consumption of prohibited substances

This can occur through medication, contaminated dietary supplements, or contaminated food.

30
Q

What resources are available for information on banned substances?

A
  • WADA (www.cces.ca/substances)
  • CCES (substances@cces.ca)
  • Global DRO (www.globaldro.com)

These resources help athletes check substances for compliance.

31
Q

What is the difference between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics?

A

Pharmacokinetics refers to the movement of drugs within the body, while pharmacodynamics refers to the effects of drugs on the body

Understanding both concepts is crucial for athletes and medical professionals.

32
Q

Fill in the blank: The Canadian Anti-Doping Organization is abbreviated as _______.

A

CADO

33
Q

True or False: A doping tribunal hearing is mandatory for every positive test.

A

False

An athlete may admit to the violation and waive the right to a hearing.

34
Q

What is the acronym for the Anti-doping Administration and Management System?

A

ADAMS

35
Q

What are two main things to remember abt TUE

A

●TUEs ensure athletes can receive necessary medical treatment while maintaining fair play in sport.
●The process involves medical professionals and anti-doping organizations to protect athlete health and the integrity of competition.

36
Q

When does testing occur

A

-out ( any time unannounced) and in competition

37
Q

Understanding the Doping Control Process:

A
  • Familiarize yourself with the steps involved in doping control, including notification, sample collection, and sample transportation.
    • Understand the different types of doping control, such as out-of-competition and in-competition testing.
    • Know the role of the doping control officer (DCO) and the chaperone.
    • Be aware of the different types of samples that may be collected, such as urine and blood.
    • Understand the chain of custody process, which ensures the integrity of the samples.
38
Q

How should one cooperate with doping control officers and blood collections officers at time of testing

A
  • Follow the instructions of the DCO and BCO to ensure a smooth and efficient process.
    • Be prepared to answer questions about your whereabouts and training activities.
    • Provide accurate information about any medications you are taking.
    • Cooperate with the sample collection process, including providing a urine sample and/or a blood sample.
    • Be patient and respectful during the doping control process.
39
Q

Knowing Your Rights in the Doping Process

A
  • Be aware of your rights as an athlete, including the right to be treated with respect and dignity.
    • Understand the anti-doping rules and regulations.
    • Know your rights to appeal a doping control decision.
    • Seek legal advice if you have any questions or concerns about your rights.
40
Q

Protecting Your Health:

A
  • Avoid using prohibited substances and methods.
    • Be careful about the supplements you take, as some may contain banned substances.
    • Consult with a sports medicine professional or anti-doping expert before taking any new medications or supplements.
    • Report any suspected doping violations to the appropriate authorities.
41
Q

BCO stands for…

A

Blood Collection Officer. They are professionally trained and qualified phlebotomists who are responsible for collecting blood samples from athletes as part of anti-doping testing programs.

42
Q

BCOs work closely

A

with DCOs (Doping Control Officers) to ensure that blood samples are collected in accordance with WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency) standards.

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