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MRCP - Passmed > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Pneumonia + blood smear (red cell agglutination) - organism?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

IgM ab against the bug react against RBCs at cold temp -> haemolytic anaemia

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2
Q

Why do you get continuous motor spasms with tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin)?

A

Blockage of inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA and Glycine

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3
Q

Pruritic rash on the buttocks or soles

GI - diarrhoea + abdo pain / bloating

Organism? method of infection?

A

Strongyloides stercoralis - penetrates the skin

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4
Q

How do penicillins and cephalosphorins work?

A

Inhibit cell wall formation (beta-lactams)

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5
Q

Mx of Leigonella?

A

Macrolides - erythromycin / clarithromycin

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6
Q

Measles transmission?

A

Aerosol transmission

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7
Q

Mx of chlamydia? what if pregnant?

A

7d Doxycycline (If CI Azithromycin)

If pregnant:
- Azithromycin, erythromycin or amoxicillin

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8
Q

A history of Intravenous drug use coupled with a descending paralysis, diplopia and bulbar palsy is characteristic of infection with ……

A

Clostridium botulinum

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9
Q

Mx of UTI in pregnancy?

A

Nitro unless close to term

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10
Q

What are the features of Japanese encephalitis?

A

Headaches, fever, seizures and confusion

Parkinsonian features suggest basal ganglia involvement

Can also present with flaccid paralysis

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10
Q

Mx of C. Jejuni infection?

A

Clarithromycin

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11
Q

What medication should should all patients with CD4 <200/mm3 recieve?

A

Prophylaxis against Pneumocys

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12
Q

What are some characteristic features of pneumococcal pneumonia? (strep pneumo)

A

rapid onset
high fever
pleuritic chest pain
herpes labialis (cold sores)

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13
Q

Ciprofloxacin increases the risk of which infection?

A

MRSA

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14
Q

Draw and learn the Gram +ve bacteria diagram

A

Yes please!

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15
Q

Bilateral conjunctivitis, bilateral calf pains and high fevers in a sewage worker

Organism? mx?

A

Leptospirosis

Mx: High dose benzylpenicillin / doxycycline

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16
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi, causes what disease? what is the most frequent and severe complication? other complications?

A

Chagas disease

Dilated cardiomyopathy (due to myocarditis + can also have arrhythmias)

GI features - Megaoesophagus + Megacolon -> constipation and dysphagia

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17
Q

Investigations for Lyme disease?

A

ELISA 1st

If +ve or equivocal -> immunoblot test (western blot)

18
Q

gram-negative diplococci that can be identified on gram staining

Organism?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea

19
Q

What can occur in lung cavity from prev TB?

A

Aspergilloma

20
Q

How do macrolides work? What are some adverse effects?

A

Inhibit the 50S subunit of ribosomes

Adverse:
- Nausea (esp erythromycin)
- P450 inhibitor
- Prolonged QT interval

21
Q

Most common cause of bladder calcification? mx?

A

Schistosomiasis is the most common cause of bladder calcification worldwide

Schistosoma haematobium causes haematuria

mx: single oral dose of praziquantel

22
Q

Which vaccines are live attenuated and hence CI in those on immunosupressive therapy

A

BCG
measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)
influenza (intranasal)
oral rotavirus
oral polio
yellow fever
oral typhoid

23
Q

vaginal discharge: offensive, yellow/green, frothy
vulvovaginitis
strawberry cervix
pH > 4.5
in men is usually asymptomatic but may cause urethritis

Suggestive of which organism infection? mx?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

Mx: oral metronidazole 5-7d or 1 dose 2g

24
Q

Most common cause of central line infections?

A

Staph epidermis

25
Q

Features of severe malaria falciparum?

A

Feature of severe falciparum malaria
schizonts on a blood film
parasitaemia > 2%
hypoglycaemia
acidosis
temperature > 39 °C
severe anaemia
complications as below

Complications
cerebral malaria: seizures, coma
acute renal failure: blackwater fever, secondary to intravascular haemolysis, mechanism unknown
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
hypoglycaemia
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

26
Q

Which bacteria are gram +ve cocci and which are gram -ve cocci?

A

Gram-positive cocci = staphylococci + streptococci (including enterococci)

Gram-negative cocci = Neisseria meningitidis + Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also Moraxella catarrhalis

27
Q

Which bacteria are Gram +ve rods (bacilli)

A

mnemonic = ABCD L

Actinomyces
Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)
Clostridium
Diphtheria: Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Listeria monocytogenes

28
Q

Some examples of Gram -ve rods?

A

CHESS P

Campylobacter jejuni
Haemophilus influenzae
Escherichia coli
Salmonella sp.
Shigella sp.

Pseudomonas aeurginosa

29
Q

black eschar that is typically painless

Organism / infection? mx?

A

Anthrax - Bacillus anthracis

Mx: Ciprofloxacin

30
Q

What is an alternative for PCP mx? Issues with this?

A

Aersolised pentamidine - less effective and risk of pneumothorax

31
Q

Most commonly isolated organism from animal bites?

A

Pasteurella multocida

32
Q

What is Q fever caused by? how does this present?

A

Coxiella burnetti

No rash but causes pneumonia

33
Q

Gram+ve organism in clusters
Coagulase -ve

Causes UTI - which group esp?

A

Esp in young sexually active women

Staph saprophyticus

34
Q

What can cause IDA in patients returning from travel to endemic regions (eg indian subcontinent)

A

Hookworms

35
Q

Retro-orbital headache, fever, facial flushing, rash, thrombocytopenia in returning traveller

Diagnosis?

A

Dengue

36
Q

Abx of choice for animal bites?

A

Co-amox

37
Q

What malignancies are associated with EBV?

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
nasopharyngeal carcinoma

38
Q

What does atypical lymphocytes on blood film suggest?

A

Glandular fever

39
Q

What is Kaposi sarcoma caused by?

A

HHV-8 (human herpes virus 8)

40
Q

Describe LP findings in Viral meningitis:

A

Opening pressure - normal
Cell count - raised
Cell differential - Lymphocytes
Glucose - Normal / 2/3 of serum levels
Protein - within normal range / raised

41
Q

depigmentation and loss of sensation

Infectious cause?

A

Leprosy

42
Q

Gram-positive cocci in clusters, which are coagulase positive

Organism?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

43
Q

Mx of toxoplasmosis inn immunocompromised patients?

A

pyrimethamine plus sulphadiazine

MRCP - Passmed (16 decks)

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