Infectious disease

Question 1

Any illness caused by a specific microorganism.

Answer 1

Infectious disease

Question 2

An infectious disease that can be passed from person to person.

Answer 2

Communicable disease

Question 3

Person that serves as a liaison between agency and community health agencies involved in monitoring and responding to communicable diseases.

Answer 3

Designated Infection Control Officer (DICO)

Question 4

Signed into law in 1990 that required emergency responders to be notified if they have been exposed to infectious disease.

Answer 4

Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resource Emergency Act

Question 5

Cleaning that destroys all forms of microbial life.

Answer 5

Sterilization

Question 6

Cleaning that destroys all forms of microbial life except high numbers of bacterial spores.

Answer 6

High-level disinfection

Question 7

Cleaning that destroys M tuberculosis, most viruses, vegetative bacteria, and most fungi, but not bacterial spore.

Answer 7

Intermediate-level disinfection

Question 8

Cleaning that destroys some viruses, most bacteria, and some fungi, but not M tuberculosis or bacterial spores.

Answer 8

Low-level disinfection

Question 9

Cleaning that cleans soiled surfaces in the environment, such as floors, ambulance seats, and countertops.

Answer 9

Environmental disinfection

Question 10

Produces antibodies.

Answer 10

B cells

Question 11

Group of proteins that coat bacteria and help to kill them directly.

Answer 11

Complement system

Question 12

Works with the lymphatic system to dispose of the debris left in the wake of the immune system’s attack on invading organisms.

Answer 12

Reticuloendothelial system

Question 13

Degree of the pathogenicity of the infectious agent.

Answer 13

Virulence

Question 14

Immune status of the host.

Answer 14

Resistance

Question 15

Human or animal that is exposed to the infectious agent.

Answer 15

Host

Question 16

Organism that can cause disease in the human host.

Answer 16

Pathogen

Question 17

What is more difficult to eradicate because they reside in cells for most of their life cycle and become intricately enmeshed in the host cell’s DNA.

Answer 17

Viruses

Question 18

The method by which a pathogenic agent leaves one host to invade another.

Answer 18

Portal of exit

Question 19

The route between portal of exit and portal of entry.

Answer 19

Mode of transmission

Question 20

Means by which the pathogenic agent enters a new host.

Answer 20

Portal of entry

Question 21

Influenced by a person’s immune response. (How well they will allow a pathogen to infect them)

Answer 21

Host susceptibility

Question 22

Skin and mucous membranes of the digestive, respiratory, and GU tracts.

Answer 22

External barriers

Question 23

Agents that could produce disease if allowed access to the interior of the body.

Answer 23

Indigenous flora

Question 24

What two ways does intact skin defend the body against infection?

Answer 24

Prevents penetration of the pathogens
Maintains an acidic pH level

Question 25

Protect the body against microorganisms when the external lines of defense cannot.

Answer 25

Internal barriers

Question 26

Local reaction to cellular injury.

Answer 26

Inflammation

Question 27

Three stages of inflammatory response.

Answer 27

Cellular response to injury Vascular response to injury Phagocytosis

Question 28

Increased blood flow to the area.

Answer 28

Hyperemia

Question 29

Chemicals that attract more leukocytes to the area.

Answer 29

Chemotactic factors

Question 30

Stages of infectious disease.

Answer 30

Latent period Incubation period Communicability period Disease period

Question 31

Period in which the pathogen invades the body but cannot be passed or shed to someone else.

Answer 31

Latent period

Question 32

Interval between exposure to the pathogen and the first onset of symptoms.

Answer 32

Incubation period

Question 33

Lasts as long as the agent is present and can be spread to other hosts.

Answer 33

Communicability period

Question 34

Follows the incubation period; the period in which the disease is attacking the body.

Answer 34

Disease period

Question 35

Present in blood and serum-derived body fluids of people infected with the virus. Passed through anal or vaginal intercourse.

Answer 35

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 36

Cell-receptors located on the surface of T cells sought by HIV.

Answer 36

CD4 T-cells

Question 37

Infections that develop as the immune system deteriorates.

Answer 37

Opportunistic infections

Question 38

Stage of HIV infection that generally occurs 2-4 weeks after exposure. Transient decrease in CD4 T-cell count.

Answer 38

Stage 1: Acute HIV infection

Question 39

Stage of HIV infection that pt may not have symptoms because virus is still reproducing slowly.

Answer 39

Stage 2: Clinical latency

Question 40

Stage of HIV infection in which pt develops symptoms and have a CD4 T-cell count of less than 200/mcL or the presence of an opportunistic infection.

Answer 40

Stage 3: AIDS

Question 41

Risk of HIV transmission with a needle stick.

Answer 41

0.04% - 5%

Question 42

Inflammation of the liver that can have many causes including infection, drugs, and alcohol.

Answer 42

Hepatitis

Question 43

Vaccine preventable infection of the liver by ingesting contaminated food or drink or by the fecal-oral route. Does not develop into chronic liver disease.

Answer 43

Hep A virus

Question 44

Liver infection caused by infectious blood and in secretions containing serum as well as in secretions derived from serum. Vaccine is available.

Answer 44

Hep B virus

Question 45

Liver infection caused by infectious blood and in secretions containing serum as well as in secretions derived from serum. Vaccine is NOT available. Most pts are asymptomatic.

Answer 45

Hep C virus

Question 46

Chronic pulmonary disease that is obtained through inhalation of a dried-droplet nucleus containing tubercle bacilli.

Answer 46

Tuberculosis

Question 47

TB in which pt has no symptoms, does not feel sick, is not contagious, normal chest radiograph, but needs treatment to prevent flare-up.

Answer 47

Latent TB infection

Question 48

TB in which pt has symptoms (bad, productive, bloody cough, weight loss, chills, fever, night sweats), feels sick, is contagious, positive chest radiograph, and needs treatment.

Answer 48

Active TB disease

Question 49

How can early detection of TB be found?

Answer 49

Skin test

Question 50

Precautions for TB.

Answer 50

Airborne

Question 51

Rapidly progressing disease that affects the meninges of the brain and spinal cord and can cause death within hours.

Answer 51

Bacterial meningitis

Question 52

Precautions for meningitis.

Answer 52

Droplet

Question 53

Caused by N meningitidis; most common cause of bacterial meningitis in teens and youngadults, as wells as the deadliest cause of bacterial meningitis.

Answer 53

Meningococcal meningitis

Question 54

Most common cause of bacterial meningitis in newborns secondary to exposure to this pathogen in the birth canal to a positive mother.

Answer 54

GBS (group B Streptococcus)

Question 55

Syndrome generally associated with an existing systemic viral disease. Less severe and usually pts recover fully.

Answer 55

Viral meningitis

Question 56

Involuntary flexion of the arm, hip, and knee when the neck is passively flexed.

Answer 56

Brudzinski sign

Question 57

Loss of the ability in a seated or supine patient to completely extend the knee due to pain when the thigh is flexed on the abdomen.

Answer 57

Kernig sign

Question 58

Stiff neck from meningeal irritation.

Answer 58

Nuchal rigidity

Question 59

Infection of the endocardium and one or more heart valves.

Answer 59

Bacterial endocarditis

Question 60

Acute inflammation of the bronchioles and alveoli.

Answer 60

Pneumonia

Question 61

Congenital absence or surgical removal of the spleen.

Answer 61

Asplenia

Question 62

Rare, sometimes fatal, noncommunicable disease of the CNS caused by infection of a wound with spores of Clostridium tetani.

Answer 62

Tetanus

Question 63

Most common symptom of tetanus.

Answer 63

Trismus

Question 64

Acute viral infection of the CNS caused by a bite from an infected animal.

Answer 64

Rabies

Question 65

What time frame must immunizations be given to almost always prevent development of rabies.

Answer 65

Within 2 days

Question 66

Caused by flavivirus.

Answer 66

Dengue fever

Question 67

Caused by a mosquito-borne parasite, rather than a virus as with other mosquito-borne illness.

Answer 67

Malaria

Question 68

Causes life-threatening diarrhea.

Answer 68

Clostridium difficile

Question 69

Group of untreatable and heard-to-treat infections caused by bacteria.

Answer 69

CRE

Question 70

STD that can result in discharge and inflammation at the urethra, cervix, pharynx, or rectum.

Answer 70

Gonorrhea

Question 71

Mild, febrile, and highly communicable viral disease caused by the rubella virus. Rash less than 3 days May develop self-limiting arthritis

Answer 71

Rubella (German measles)

Question 72

Acquired when an infected pregnant woman passes the disease to her unborn child.

Answer 72

Congenital rubella syndrome

Question 73

Acute, highly communicable viral disease that is caused by the measles virus. Fever Conjunctivitis Cough and bronchitis Rash over 3 days Koplik spots

Answer 73

Rubeola (Measles)

Question 74

Acute communicable systemic viral disease that causes localized edema of one or more of the salivary glands.

Answer 74

Mumps

Question 75

Common childhood disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Highly communicable; characterized by sudden low-grade fever, skin eruption that develops into vesicles that leave a granular scab.

Answer 75

Chickenpox

Question 76

Reactivation of the chickenpox in which the virus has remained in the dorsal root ganglia and resurfaced during periods of stress or immunosuppression.

Answer 76

Shingles

Question 77

Infectious disease that mainly affects infants and young children. Inflammation of the entire respiratory tract and characterized by "whoop" cough.

Answer 77

Pertussis

Question 78

Very common respiratory illness that infects the lower respiratory tract and can cause serious illness in infants younger than 1 year old.

Answer 78

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Question 79

Infection of the upper airway in young children. Low-grade fever, rhinorrhea, and "seal-like" cough.

Answer 79

Croup

Question 80

Infection of the epiglottis that most often occurs in children less than 5 years old. High fever, sore throat, respiratory distress, and drooling.

Answer 80

Epiglottitis

Question 81

Respiratory infection that is spread by sneezing or coughing the virus- infected droplets. Virus mutates rapidly and new vaccine every year.

Answer 81

Influenza

Question 82

Viral respiratory illness caused by coronavirus.

Answer 82

SARS

Question 83

Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and is spread via the oropharyngeal route.

Answer 83

Mononucleosis

Question 84

Disease that can be passed from person to person through sexual activity.

Answer 84

STD

Question 85

Systemic disease that can have serious long-term complications. Primary stage (10-90 days) has chancres. Secondary stage (2-10 weeks) develops rash on the palms and soles.

Answer 85

Syphilis

Question 86

Spinal column degeneration characterized by a wide gait and ataxia.

Answer 86

Tabes dorsalis

Question 87

STD caused by bacteria and is spread by contact with fluids and pus from infected mucous membranes.

Answer 87

Gonorrhea