Abdominal and GI Disorders

Question 1

Pain that is caused by the stimulation of autonomic nerve fibers that surround an organ.

Answer 1

Visceral pain

Question 2

Pain that is produced by bacterial or chemical irritation of nerve fibers in the peritoneum.

Answer 2

Somatic pain

Question 3

Pain in a part of the body considerably removed from the tissues that cause the pain.

Answer 3

Referred pain

Question 4

Periumbilical bruising; retroperitoneal hemorrhage, pancreatic hemorrhage, or rupture of an AAA.

Answer 4

Cullen sign

Question 5

Flank bruising; retroperitoneal hemorrhage, pancreatic hemorrhage, or AAA rupture.

Answer 5

Grey Turner sign

Question 6

Left shoulder pain; splenic or ectopic pregnancy rupture.

Answer 6

Kehr sign

Question 7

Pain from heel drop; peritonitis.

Answer 7

Markle sign

Question 8

Tender between anterior-superior iliac spine and umbilicus; appendicitis.

Answer 8

McBurney sign

Question 9

Stops breathing upon palpation of right upper quadrant; cholecystitis.

Answer 9

Murphy sign

Question 10

Mnemonic used to remember causes of acute abdominal pain.

Answer 10

Bowel obstruction
Appendicitis
Diverticulitis

Gastroenteritis, gallbladder infection
Urinary infection
Testicular torsion

Pancreatitis, perforated bowel
Abdominal aneurism
INfarcted bowel
Splenic rupture

Question 11

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

Answer 11

Ascites

Question 12

Most common causes of GI bleeding.

Answer 12

Gastric or duodenal ulcers
Variceal rupture

Question 13

Esophageal rupture that usually results from repeated vomiting and retching.

Answer 13

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

Question 14

Most common cause of lower GI bleeding.

Answer 14

Diverticulitis

Question 15

Bloody vomit.

Answer 15

Hematemesis

Question 16

Black tarry stool that indicates an upper GI bleed that has been partially digested.

Answer 16

Melena

Question 17

Bright red blood from the rectum after a bowel movement that usually indicates a bleeding source close to the rectal opening.

Answer 17

Hematochezia

Question 18

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines accompanied by the sudden onset of vomiting and diarrhea.

Answer 18

Acute gastroenteritis

Question 19

Top three organisms responsible for US outbreaks of gastroenteritis.

Answer 19

Norovirus
Shingella
Salmonella

Question 20

Results from inflammation of the stomach and intestines; most caused by bacteria from the intestinal flora.

Answer 20

Chronic gastroenteritis

Question 21

General term term that describes ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease that caused acute inflammation of the digestive tract.

Answer 21

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Question 22

IBD affecting the large intestine; characterized by inflammation of the colon and rectum. Causes diarrhea.

Answer 22

Ulcerative colitis

Question 23

Chronic IBD that usually affects the ilieum, colon, or both. Causes inflammation that leads to thickening of the intestinal walls.

Answer 23

Crohn disease

Question 24

Sac or pouch that develops in the wall of the colon.

Answer 24

Diverticulum

Question 25

Occurs when one or more diverticula become obstructed with fecal matter.

Answer 25

Diverticulitis

Question 26

Occurs when the passageway between the appendix and the cecum becomes obstructed with fecal matter.

Answer 26

Appendicitis

Question 27

Results from a complex pathophysiologic interaction among the various acidic gastric secretions and enzymes and the mucosal barriers in the digestive tract.

Answer 27

Peptic ulcer disease

Question 28

Condition in which food or liquid travels backward from the stomach into the esophagus.

Answer 28

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Question 29

Anatomic abnormality in which part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm and up into the chest.

Answer 29

Hiatal hernia

Question 30

Occlusion of the intestinal lumen that results in blockage of normal flow of intestinal contents.

Answer 30

Bowel obstruction

Question 31

Inflammation of the pancreas that cause it to release pancreatic enzymes into the blood, pancreatic duct, and the pancreas itself.

Answer 31

Pancreatitis

Question 32

Complex of longitudal tortuous veins at the lower end of the esophagus that become enlarged and swollen as a result of a pathologic elevation in portal venous pressure.

Answer 32

Esophageal varices

Question 33

Swollen distended veins inside the anus or under the skin around the anus.

Answer 33

Hemorrhoids

Question 34

Inflammation of the gallbladder.

Answer 34

Cholecystitis

Question 35

Inflammation of the liver.

Answer 35

Hepatitis

Question 36

Scarring of the liver.

Answer 36

Cirrhosis

Question 37

Brain and nervous system sequelae that occur as a complication of liver disease.

Answer 37

Hepatic encephalopathy

Question 37

Brain and nervous system sequelae that occur as a complication of liver disease.

Answer 37

Hepatic encephalopathy

Question 38

One of the most common genetic disorders in the US in which the body absorbes and stores too much iron.

Answer 38

Hereditary hemochromatosis