Abdominal and GI Disorders Flashcards
Pain that is caused by the stimulation of autonomic nerve fibers that surround an organ.
Visceral pain
Pain that is produced by bacterial or chemical irritation of nerve fibers in the peritoneum.
Somatic pain
Pain in a part of the body considerably removed from the tissues that cause the pain.
Referred pain
Periumbilical bruising; retroperitoneal hemorrhage, pancreatic hemorrhage, or rupture of an AAA.
Cullen sign
Flank bruising; retroperitoneal hemorrhage, pancreatic hemorrhage, or AAA rupture.
Grey Turner sign
Left shoulder pain; splenic or ectopic pregnancy rupture.
Kehr sign
Pain from heel drop; peritonitis.
Markle sign
Tender between anterior-superior iliac spine and umbilicus; appendicitis.
McBurney sign
Stops breathing upon palpation of right upper quadrant; cholecystitis.
Murphy sign
Mnemonic used to remember causes of acute abdominal pain.
Bowel obstruction
Appendicitis
Diverticulitis
Gastroenteritis, gallbladder infection
Urinary infection
Testicular torsion
Pancreatitis, perforated bowel
Abdominal aneurism
INfarcted bowel
Splenic rupture
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
Ascites
Most common causes of GI bleeding.
Gastric or duodenal ulcers
Variceal rupture
Esophageal rupture that usually results from repeated vomiting and retching.
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
Most common cause of lower GI bleeding.
Diverticulitis
Bloody vomit.
Hematemesis
Black tarry stool that indicates an upper GI bleed that has been partially digested.
Melena
Bright red blood from the rectum after a bowel movement that usually indicates a bleeding source close to the rectal opening.
Hematochezia
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines accompanied by the sudden onset of vomiting and diarrhea.
Acute gastroenteritis
Top three organisms responsible for US outbreaks of gastroenteritis.
Norovirus
Shingella
Salmonella
Results from inflammation of the stomach and intestines; most caused by bacteria from the intestinal flora.
Chronic gastroenteritis
General term term that describes ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease that caused acute inflammation of the digestive tract.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
IBD affecting the large intestine; characterized by inflammation of the colon and rectum. Causes diarrhea.
Ulcerative colitis
Chronic IBD that usually affects the ilieum, colon, or both. Causes inflammation that leads to thickening of the intestinal walls.
Crohn disease
Sac or pouch that develops in the wall of the colon.
Diverticulum
Occurs when one or more diverticula become obstructed with fecal matter.
Diverticulitis
Occurs when the passageway between the appendix and the cecum becomes obstructed with fecal matter.
Appendicitis
Results from a complex pathophysiologic interaction among the various acidic gastric secretions and enzymes and the mucosal barriers in the digestive tract.
Peptic ulcer disease
Condition in which food or liquid travels backward from the stomach into the esophagus.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Anatomic abnormality in which part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm and up into the chest.
Hiatal hernia
Occlusion of the intestinal lumen that results in blockage of normal flow of intestinal contents.
Bowel obstruction
Inflammation of the pancreas that cause it to release pancreatic enzymes into the blood, pancreatic duct, and the pancreas itself.
Pancreatitis
Complex of longitudal tortuous veins at the lower end of the esophagus that become enlarged and swollen as a result of a pathologic elevation in portal venous pressure.
Esophageal varices
Swollen distended veins inside the anus or under the skin around the anus.
Hemorrhoids
Inflammation of the gallbladder.
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the liver.
Hepatitis
Scarring of the liver.
Cirrhosis
Brain and nervous system sequelae that occur as a complication of liver disease.
Hepatic encephalopathy
Brain and nervous system sequelae that occur as a complication of liver disease.
Hepatic encephalopathy
One of the most common genetic disorders in the US in which the body absorbes and stores too much iron.
Hereditary hemochromatosis
