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Medical Emergencies I > Abdominal and GI Disorders > Flashcards

Abdominal and GI Disorders Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Pain that is caused by the stimulation of autonomic nerve fibers that surround an organ.

A

Visceral pain

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2
Q

Pain that is produced by bacterial or chemical irritation of nerve fibers in the peritoneum.

A

Somatic pain

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3
Q

Pain in a part of the body considerably removed from the tissues that cause the pain.

A

Referred pain

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4
Q

Periumbilical bruising; retroperitoneal hemorrhage, pancreatic hemorrhage, or rupture of an AAA.

A

Cullen sign

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5
Q

Flank bruising; retroperitoneal hemorrhage, pancreatic hemorrhage, or AAA rupture.

A

Grey Turner sign

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6
Q

Left shoulder pain; splenic or ectopic pregnancy rupture.

A

Kehr sign

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7
Q

Pain from heel drop; peritonitis.

A

Markle sign

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8
Q

Tender between anterior-superior iliac spine and umbilicus; appendicitis.

A

McBurney sign

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9
Q

Stops breathing upon palpation of right upper quadrant; cholecystitis.

A

Murphy sign

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10
Q

Mnemonic used to remember causes of acute abdominal pain.

A

Bowel obstruction
Appendicitis
Diverticulitis

Gastroenteritis, gallbladder infection
Urinary infection
Testicular torsion

Pancreatitis, perforated bowel
Abdominal aneurism
INfarcted bowel
Splenic rupture

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11
Q

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

A

Ascites

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12
Q

Most common causes of GI bleeding.

A

Gastric or duodenal ulcers
Variceal rupture

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13
Q

Esophageal rupture that usually results from repeated vomiting and retching.

A

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

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14
Q

Most common cause of lower GI bleeding.

A

Diverticulitis

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15
Q

Bloody vomit.

A

Hematemesis

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16
Q

Black tarry stool that indicates an upper GI bleed that has been partially digested.

A

Melena

17
Q

Bright red blood from the rectum after a bowel movement that usually indicates a bleeding source close to the rectal opening.

A

Hematochezia

18
Q

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines accompanied by the sudden onset of vomiting and diarrhea.

A

Acute gastroenteritis

19
Q

Top three organisms responsible for US outbreaks of gastroenteritis.

A

Norovirus
Shingella
Salmonella

20
Q

Results from inflammation of the stomach and intestines; most caused by bacteria from the intestinal flora.

A

Chronic gastroenteritis

21
Q

General term term that describes ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease that caused acute inflammation of the digestive tract.

A

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

22
Q

IBD affecting the large intestine; characterized by inflammation of the colon and rectum. Causes diarrhea.

A

Ulcerative colitis

23
Q

Chronic IBD that usually affects the ilieum, colon, or both. Causes inflammation that leads to thickening of the intestinal walls.

A

Crohn disease

24
Q

Sac or pouch that develops in the wall of the colon.

A

Diverticulum

25
Q

Occurs when one or more diverticula become obstructed with fecal matter.

A

Diverticulitis

26
Q

Occurs when the passageway between the appendix and the cecum becomes obstructed with fecal matter.

A

Appendicitis

27
Q

Results from a complex pathophysiologic interaction among the various acidic gastric secretions and enzymes and the mucosal barriers in the digestive tract.

A

Peptic ulcer disease

28
Q

Condition in which food or liquid travels backward from the stomach into the esophagus.

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

29
Q

Anatomic abnormality in which part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm and up into the chest.

A

Hiatal hernia

30
Q

Occlusion of the intestinal lumen that results in blockage of normal flow of intestinal contents.

A

Bowel obstruction

31
Q

Inflammation of the pancreas that cause it to release pancreatic enzymes into the blood, pancreatic duct, and the pancreas itself.

A

Pancreatitis

32
Q

Complex of longitudal tortuous veins at the lower end of the esophagus that become enlarged and swollen as a result of a pathologic elevation in portal venous pressure.

A

Esophageal varices

33
Q

Swollen distended veins inside the anus or under the skin around the anus.

A

Hemorrhoids

34
Q

Inflammation of the gallbladder.

A

Cholecystitis

35
Q

Inflammation of the liver.

A

Hepatitis

36
Q

Scarring of the liver.

A

Cirrhosis

37
Q

Brain and nervous system sequelae that occur as a complication of liver disease.

A

Hepatic encephalopathy

37
Q

Brain and nervous system sequelae that occur as a complication of liver disease.

A

Hepatic encephalopathy

38
Q

One of the most common genetic disorders in the US in which the body absorbes and stores too much iron.

A

Hereditary hemochromatosis

Medical Emergencies I (7 decks)

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