Immunology

Question 1

Complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body against “attacks” by foreign substances.

Answer 1

Immune system

Question 2

Organs of the immune system.

Answer 2

Spleen
Tonsils
Adenoids
Lymph nodes
Thymus

Question 3

Fundamental cellular unit of the immune system.

Answer 3

Lymphocyte

Question 4

Proteins that act as magic bullets by seeking out specific invaders.

Answer 4

Antibodies

Question 5

What do B cells produce?

Answer 5

Antibodies

Question 6

Have marker molecules that mark them as foreign.

Answer 6

Antigens

Question 7

The form of immunity that responds to antigens, such as bacteria and foreign tissue.

Answer 7

Humoral immunity

Question 8

The work of T cells that activates lymphocytes that attack and destroy foreign material.

Answer 8

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 9

Cells that attack the invading organism with chemicals.

Answer 9

Killer T cells

Question 10

Cells that encourage B cells to produce antibodies.

Answer 10

Helper T cells

Question 11

Cells that help regulate the immune response to protect the body from its own defense.

Answer 11

Suppressor T cells

Question 12

Some of the activated B cells and T cells. Ensure that next time the antigens are present, there is a specific, rapid response.

Answer 12

Memory cells

Question 13

The memory that memory cells produce.

Answer 13

Immunologic memory

Question 14

Innate or non-specific immunity that exists naturally.

Answer 14

Natural immunity

Question 15

Adaptive immunity that develops after exposure to specific antigens.

Answer 15

Acquired immunity

Question 16

Antigens or substances that cause an allergic response.

Answer 16

Allergens

Question 17

Immunity obtained by immunization.

Answer 17

Active acquired immunity

Question 18

Immunity obtained by antibody transfer.

Answer 18

Passive acquired immunity

Question 19

Immunity obtained by infection.

Answer 19

Active natural immunity

Question 20

Immunity obtained by maternal measures.

Answer 20

Passive natural immunity

Question 21

Marked by an increased physiologic response to an antigen after a previous exposure to the same antigen.

Answer 21

Sensitization

Question 22

Hypersensitivity reaction.

Answer 22

Allergic reaction

Question 23

Cells that contain granules that are rich in histamine and heparin.

Answer 23

Mast cells

Question 24

Cells that promote inflammation through the release of chemical mediators.

Answer 24

Basophils

Question 25

Type I allergic reaction.

Answer 25

Immediate (within minutes)

Question 26

Type II allergic reaction.

Answer 26

Cytotoxic (minutes to hours)

Question 27

Type III allergic reaction.

Answer 27

Immune complex (3-8 hours)

Question 28

Type IV allergic reaction.

Answer 28

Delayed (48-72 hours)

Question 29

Localized allergic reaction symptoms.

Answer 29

Conjunctivitis Rhinitis Angioedema Urticaria Pruritus

Question 30

Inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eyes.

Answer 30

Conjunctivitis

Question 31

Runny nose.

Answer 31

Rhinitis

Question 32

Localized swelling.

Answer 32

Angioedema

Question 33

Hives.

Answer 33

Urticaria

Question 34

Itching.

Answer 34

Pruritus

Question 35

An immediate, systemic, life-threatening allergic reaction that is associated with major changes in the CV, resp, GI, and cutaneous system.

Answer 35

Anaphylaxis

Question 36

Release of internal substances of a cell.

Answer 36

Degranulation

Question 37

An allergic reaction that is not mediated by an antigen0antibody reaction.

Answer 37

Anaphylactoid reaction

Question 38

Protein released by mast cells and basophils. Promotes vascular permeability and causes dilation of capillaries and venules and contraction of smooth muscle in GI and bronchial tree.

Answer 38

Histamine

Question 39

The most potent of the bronchoconstrictors, cause wheezing, coronary vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.

Answer 39

Leukotrienes

Question 40

A group of active substances, including histamine and leukotrienes, that are released during an anaphylactic reaction.

Answer 40

Eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis

Question 41

White blood cells that are thought to contain an enzyme that can release leukotrienes.

Answer 41

Eosinophils

Question 42

Redness

Answer 42

Erythema

Question 43

What is the definitive treatment for anaphylaxis?

Answer 43

Drug therapy

Question 44

Time frame for S/Sx of anaphylaxis.

Answer 44

5-30 min

Question 45

Re-reaction after initial anaphylactic reaction.

Answer 45

Biphasic reaction

Question 46

Only drug that can reverse the life-threatening complications of anaphylaxis immediately.

Answer 46

Epinephrine

Question 47

Connective tissue disease.

Answer 47

Collagen vascular disease

Question 48

Immune system that is directed against its own body tissue.

Answer 48

Autoimmune disease

Question 49

Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects many systems of the body. Characterized by severe vasculitis, renal involvement, and lesions of the skin and nervous system.

Answer 49

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Question 50

Common symptoms of SLE.

Answer 50

Extreme fatigue Painful or swollen joints Unexplained fever Skin rashes

Question 51

"Hard skin" disease that is thought to occur when immune system stimulates certain cells to increase their production of collagen.

Answer 51

Scleroderma

Question 52

Local patches of hardened skin.

Answer 52

Morphea

Question 53

Single line or band of thickened, discolored skin.

Answer 53

Linear scleroderma

Question 54

Skin thickening that is generally limited to the fingers, forearms, legs, face, and neck.

Answer 54

Limited systemic sclerosis

Question 55

Skin thickening that may occur anywhere on the body, including the trunk.

Answer 55

Diffuse systemic sclerosis

Question 56

Phenomenon then cold temperatures or emotional distress can cause the arteries feeding the hands or feet to constrict.

Answer 56

Raynaud phenomenon

Question 57

Common complications in patients that have undergone organ transplantation are related to what?

Answer 57

Immunosuppression (infection, rejection, and drug toxicity)

Question 58

Most common life-threatening complication of long-term immunosuppressive therapy in patients who have received an organ transplant.

Answer 58

Infection

Question 59

Low concentration of neutrophils

Answer 59

Neutropenia

Question 60

Infection that occurs in 44%-84% of patients that have received a kidney, heart, or liver transplant.

Answer 60

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Question 61

Virus that causes chickenpox.

Answer 61

Varicella zoster virus (VZV)

Question 62

Virus that causes mononucleosis.

Answer 62

Epstein-Barr virus

Question 63

Transplant by genetically unrelated people.

Answer 63

Allografting

Question 64

Transplant by genetically related people.

Answer 64

Isografting

Question 65

Complement-mediated response in transplant recipients with preexisting antibodies to the donor.

Answer 65

Hyperacute rejection

Question 66

Rejection that begins 1 week after transplantation.

Answer 66

Acute rejection

Question 67

Transplant rejection due to poorly understood chronic inflammation and immune response against the transplanted tissue.

Answer 67

Chronic rejection